Tryptophan as a Competitive Growth Inhibiting Analog of Phenylalanine

Beerstecher, Ernest; Shive, William

doi:10.1021/ja01194a504

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The various forms of microcin secreted were compared to those obtained in M63 medium supplemented with Phe, Trp, Tyr, or a mixture of the three amino acids. Consistent with earlier reports (4,5), the addition of Trp or Tyr to the culture medium had a negative effect on bacterial growth, which was less pronounced when Phe was added. In the absence of free amino acids, the 40% Sep-Pak fraction issued from the M63 culture supernatant displayed an RP-HPLC chromatogram (Fig.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Mcce492 Posttranslational Modification Is Not Ssupporting

confidence: 91%

Insight into Siderophore-Carrying Peptide Biosynthesis: Enterobactin Is a Precursor for Microcin E492 Posttranslational Modification

Vassiliadis

Péduzzi

Zirah

et al. 2007

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Microcin E492-producing bacteria secrete both unmodified and posttranslationally modified microcins. The modification consists of a C-glucosylated linear trimer of N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)-L-serine, a catecholate siderophore related to salmochelins and enterobactin. We show here that repression of enterobactin biosynthesis inhibits the acquisition of microcin E492 posttranslational modification, as monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Furthermore, exogenous enterobactin restored the production of posttranslationally modified microcin in a bacterial strain deficient in enterobactin synthesis. We thus concluded that enterobactin serves as a precursor for the synthesis of the posttranslationally modified microcin and that the unmodified microcin is an incompletely processed form of mature microcin E492. Gene disruption experiments showed that MceC and MceD, two enzymes encoded by the mceABCDEFGHIJ gene cluster, are involved in the synthesis of the microcin E492 posttranslational modification, as followed by mass spectrometry. Genes homologous to iroB and iroD, required for the conversion (linearization and C-glycosylation) of enterobactin into salmochelins, efficiently complemented mceC and mceD, respectively. Based on our results, a model is proposed for the biosynthesis of the mature siderophore-carrying peptide.

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Section: Synthesis Of Mcce492 Posttranslational Modification Is Not Ssupporting

confidence: 91%

Insight into Siderophore-Carrying Peptide Biosynthesis: Enterobactin Is a Precursor for Microcin E492 Posttranslational Modification

Vassiliadis

Péduzzi

Zirah

et al. 2007

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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“…For example, Meinke and Holland (1948) found that threonine and serine were antagonistic for L. casei and other lactic organisms. An antagonism between tryptophan and phenylalanine was noted for S. faecalis strain R and L. casei by Beerstecher and Shive (1947). The inhibitions obtained in the present study by the additions of small amounts of several amino acids to milk (table 2) would lend support to this hypothesis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

PURIFICATION OF STIMULANTS FROM CONDENSED CORN-FERMENTATION SOLUBLES ACTIVE FOR LACTOBACILLUS CASEI IN MILK

et al. 1960

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Condensed corn-fermentation solubles are used as a nutrient for a variety of commercial fermentations. Kennedy and Speck (1954) and Kennedy, Speck, and Aurand (1955) demonstrated that condensed corn-fermentation solubles stimulated the growth of lactic acid bacteria in milk and semidefined media. Heimbuch, Aurand, and Speck (1956) studied the chemical and physical properties of the stimulant(s) present in condensed corn-fermentation solubles and purified a substance active for Lactobacillus casei in defined media, which exhibited properties associated with nucleosides. This report concerns the purification of three stimulatory components and the identification of one of them.

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“…The antagonism of tryptophan by phenylalanine has previously been noted in Streptococcus faecalis, in which it was shown to be competitive (Beerstecher and Shive, 1947). The inhibition of growth by D-serine finds its counterpart in results previously described for Clostridium tetani and Escherichia coli (Mueller and Miller, 1949;Davis and Maas, 1949).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Differences in Response of a Virulent Strain of the Tubercle Bacillus and Its Avirulent Variant to Metabolites and Their Genetic Significance

Marshak

1951

J Bacteriol

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When colonies of virulent tubercle bacilli were maintained on solid egg media, Steenken (1935) found that eventually lysis occurred and new colonies of bacteria resistant to the lytic process appeared which proved to be avirulent. The phenomenon was observed in several human strains and in bovine strains as well (Steenken, 1938). Similar results were obtained when colonies from single cell cultures were grown to the point of lysis, indicating that the resistant colonies were not merely the result of selection of pre-existing resistant cells (Steenken, 1938). The distinguishing characteristics of the virulent and avirulent strains were maintained indefinitely on subculture, indicating that the virulent and avirulent strains differed genetically. Because of its long history (Steenken and Gardner, 1946) the strain H37Rv and its avirulent variant H37Ra were selected for investigation of the possible metabolic and genetic differences between the two strains. The results to be reported here show that the virulent and avirulent forms differ in their response to 16 different metabolites. The frequency of appearance of avirulent colonies (Steenken, 1938) suggests a single gene mutation as the basis for the difference between H37Ra and H37Rv. However, difficulty is encountered in reconciling the finding of a multiplicity of differences in response to metabolites in the two strains, with a single gene mutation, if the hypothesis that each enzyme is controlled by a single gene is accepted. Methods. In a liquid medium, the H37 strain of tubercle bacillus will synthesize all the materials it requires for growth from glucose as the sole carbon source and ammonium chloride as the source of nitrogen (Schaefer, Marshak, and Burkhart, 1949). The medium was NH4Cl-1.0 g, Na2HPO4-12H20-6.5 g, KH2PO4-1.0 g, MgSO4 7H20-0.02 g, CaCl2-0.0005 g, and FeCl3-6H20-0.0005 g dissolved in 1 liter of distilled water that also contained sorbitan monooleate ("tween 80") in a concentration of 0.02 per cent. After being autoclaved, sterile 50 per cent glucose was added to a final concentration of 0.1 per cent and 5 per cent sterile bovine serum albumin2 to a concentration of 0.01 per cent. Cultures of tubercle bacilli in 6 ml of Dubos medium (Davis and Dubos, 1947) grown in slanted screw-cap tubes, 2 cm by 13 cm, for 9 to 10 days were centrifuged, and the cells were washed twice in the foregoing medium and then resus

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Tryptophan as a Competitive Growth Inhibiting Analog of Phenylalanine

Cited by 14 publications

References 1 publication

Insight into Siderophore-Carrying Peptide Biosynthesis: Enterobactin Is a Precursor for Microcin E492 Posttranslational Modification

Insight into Siderophore-Carrying Peptide Biosynthesis: Enterobactin Is a Precursor for Microcin E492 Posttranslational Modification

PURIFICATION OF STIMULANTS FROM CONDENSED CORN-FERMENTATION SOLUBLES ACTIVE FOR LACTOBACILLUS CASEI IN MILK

Differences in Response of a Virulent Strain of the Tubercle Bacillus and Its Avirulent Variant to Metabolites and Their Genetic Significance

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