Tryptophan Fortification of Adapted Formula Increases Plasma Tryptophan Concentrations to Levels Not Different from Those Found in Breast-Fed Infants

Fazzolari-Nesci, A.; Domianello, D.; Sotera, V.; Räihä, N. C. R.

doi:10.1097/00005176-199205000-00014

Cited by 29 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…In a randomized intervention trial, Raiha et al (33) found no difference in the growth patterns between the control group and the group receiving formula fortified with both ␣-lactalbumin and free Trp. Fazzolari-Nesci et al (34) also observed that infants fed formulae supplemented with 10 mg Trp/dL had plasma Trp concentrations similar to breastfed infant. Although formulae were supplemented with either ␣-lactalbumin or free Trp in these former studies, the researchers did not measure the antioxidant properties of fortified formulae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Tryptophan Released From Mother's Milk Has Antioxidant Properties

et al. 2009

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Bioactive factors in human milk (HM) are crucial to the health of newborns, especially preterm infants. These compounds assist in reducing the oxidative stress that may occur as a result of combined exposure to supplemental oxygen and immature physiologic defenses. To identify the components in HM that contribute to its greater resistance to oxidative stress compared with infant formulae, enzymatic hydrolysates of HM were prepared, ultrafiltered, separated, and analyzed for antioxidant potential. The antioxidant activity [M Trolox equivalent (TE/g)] of nondigested milk, whole digested milk, and derived ultrafiltrates were 80.4 Ϯ 13.3, 159.0 Ϯ 5.6, and 127.4 Ϯ 3.1, respectively. An HPLC fraction denoted as fraction 23 (5274 Ϯ 630 M TE/g) was obtained and its constituents identified as tryptophan (Trp), peptides HNPI, and PLAPQA. Scavenging activity was not observed for PLAPQA, whereas moderate activity was associated with HNPI (144 Ϯ 10.7 M TE/g) and very high activity to Trp (7986 Ϯ 468 M TE/g). Trp addition to HM and two infant formulas significantly increased formulae antioxidant properties. Trp appeared to be a powerful free radical scavenger naturally present in HM. Its antioxidant effects and potential application in the diets of infants, particularly preterm, must be examined further. (Pediatr Res 66: 614-618, 2009)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Tryptophan Released From Mother's Milk Has Antioxidant Properties

et al. 2009

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“…Tryptophan, a precursor to neurotransmitter serotonin, might be involved in the regulation of appetite through the anorexic effects of serotonin in the central nervous system (Halford et al, 2007). Increasing the concentration of tryptophan in milk formulas has been shown to increase plasma tryptophan levels in infants (Fazzolari-Nesci, Domianello, Sotera, & Rä ihä , 1992;Hanning, Paes, & Atkinson, 1992;Steinberg, O'Connell, Hatch, Picciano, & Birch, 1992). It has also been suggested that tryptophan might provide protection against stress and improve cognitive performance (Markus, Olivier, & de Haan, 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the metabolic effects of milk-derived α-lactalbumin and amino acids mixture with equal composition in diet-induced obese mice

Shi

Ahlroos-Lehmus

Pilvi

et al. 2011

Journal of Functional Foods

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“…A number of further studies have evaluated lower protein formulas with the addition of free tryptophan. Two studies (Fazzolari-Nesci et al, 1992 andHanning et al, 1992) compared a control whey-dominant protein formula (15 g/l), both to an EF with added tryptophan (13 g/l protein, whey to casein ratio of 40:60), and to HM. While the mean plasma tryptophan levels in the group receiving the control formula were significantly lower than breast-fed infants, the levels in the supplemented groups were similar to the breast-fed infants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

α-Lactalbumin-rich infant formula fed to healthy term infants in a multicenter study: plasma essential amino acids and gastrointestinal tolerance

Davis¹,

Harris²,

Lien

et al. 2007

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of an a-lactalbumin-enriched formula with a protein profile and total protein concentration closer to human milk (HM) and lower than conventional formulas. Subjects/methods: Two hundred and sixteen healthy, term infants, p14 days post-natal age were enrolled and 166 (76.9%) completed the study. Timed post-prandial plasma essential amino-acid levels were determined after 8 weeks of ad libitum study feeding. Study events were assessed every 2 weeks. Results: At 8 weeks, all mean plasma essential amino-acid levels in the experimental formula (EF) group were as high as the standard formula (SF) and HM groups. The incidence of feeding-related gastrointestinal (GI) events varied significantly (P ¼ 0.025) across groups: SF (31.3%), EF (17.2%) and HM (13.6%), with SF being significantly higher than HM (P ¼ 0.015). Study withdrawals due to feeding-related GI events were significantly different (P ¼ 0.001) across groups: SF (12.5%), EF (4.7%), and HM (0%). The timing of GI events was also significantly different across groups (P ¼ 0.010). Conclusion: The study demonstrated that feeding a higher quality, lower protein concentration formula (a-lactalbuminenriched) met all essential amino acid and protein requirements of infants. The GI tolerance profile of infants receiving the EF was similar to HM-fed infants.

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Tryptophan Fortification of Adapted Formula Increases Plasma Tryptophan Concentrations to Levels Not Different from Those Found in Breast-Fed Infants

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

Tryptophan Released From Mother's Milk Has Antioxidant Properties

Tryptophan Released From Mother's Milk Has Antioxidant Properties

Comparison of the metabolic effects of milk-derived α-lactalbumin and amino acids mixture with equal composition in diet-induced obese mice

α-Lactalbumin-rich infant formula fed to healthy term infants in a multicenter study: plasma essential amino acids and gastrointestinal tolerance

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