Tryptophan in poultry nutrition: Impacts and mechanisms of action

Fouad, A.M.; El-Senousey, HebatAllah Kasem; Ruan, D.; Wang, Shuang; Xia, Weiguang; Zheng, Chuntian

doi:10.1111/jpn.13515

Cited by 27 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…On the other hand, degradation of starch pathway stimulation could contribute to obtaining glucose from the ration to be used as an energy source [63,64]. Meanwhile, some pathways such as amino acid degradation and biosynthesis of NAD+ could contribute to acetyl-Coa and energy generation that could help to the maintenance of several metabolic pathways [65][66][67][68]. All these functional inferences could explain the improvement and maintenance of hen's productivity and egg quality observed when birds were supplemented with the Allium-based phytobiotic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allium-Based Phytobiotic for Laying Hens’ Supplementation: Effects on Productivity, Egg Quality, and Fecal Microbiota

et al. 2022

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The poultry industry is constantly demanding novel strategies to improve the productivity and health status of hens, prioritizing those based on the holistic use of natural resources. This study aimed to assess the effects of an Allium-based phytobiotic on productivity, egg quality, and fecal microbiota of laying hens. One hundred and ninety-two 14-week-old Lohmann Lite LSL hens were allocated into an experimental farm, fed with a commercial concentrate with and without the Allium-based phytobiotic, and challenged against Salmonella. Productivity, egg quality, and fecal microbiota were monitored for 20 weeks. Results showed that the phytobiotic caused an increase on the number of eggs laid (p < 0.05) and in the feed conversion rate (p < 0.05); meanwhile, egg quality, expressed as egg weight, albumin height, haugh units, egg shell strength, and egg shell thickness remained unchanged (p > 0.05), although yolk color was decreased. Fecal microbiota structure was also modified, indicating a modulation of the gut microbiota by increasing the presence of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes but reducing Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria phyla. Predicted changes in the functional profiles of fecal microbiota suggest alterations in metabolic activities that could be responsible for the improvement and maintenance of productivity and egg quality when the phytobiotic was supplemented; thus, Allium-based phytobiotic has a major impact on the performance of laying hens associated with a possible gut microbiota modulation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allium-Based Phytobiotic for Laying Hens’ Supplementation: Effects on Productivity, Egg Quality, and Fecal Microbiota

et al. 2022

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“…Tryptophan is also a precursor of niacin (vitamin B3) [ 138 ]. It is found in dairy products, nutritional seeds, white meat, and fish [ 139 , 140 , 141 , 142 , 143 ]. Indole metabolites that are produced via the microbial metabolism of tryptophan include indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) and indole-3-aldehyde (IAld) [ 144 ].…”

Section: Microbiota-derived Metabolites As Potential Disease Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unlocking the Potential of the Human Microbiome for Identifying Disease Diagnostic Biomarkers

2022

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The human microbiome encodes more than three million genes, outnumbering human genes by more than 100 times, while microbial cells in the human microbiota outnumber human cells by 10 times. Thus, the human microbiota and related microbiome constitute a vast source for identifying disease biomarkers and therapeutic drug targets. Herein, we review the evidence backing the exploitation of the human microbiome for identifying diagnostic biomarkers for human disease. We describe the importance of the human microbiome in health and disease and detail the use of the human microbiome and microbiota metabolites as potential diagnostic biomarkers for multiple diseases, including cancer, as well as inflammatory, neurological, and metabolic diseases. Thus, the human microbiota has enormous potential to pave the road for a new era in biomarker research for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. The scientific community needs to collaborate to overcome current challenges in microbiome research concerning the lack of standardization of research methods and the lack of understanding of causal relationships between microbiota and human disease.

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“…16 L-Trp as an essential and functional amino acid, is involved in both protein synthesis and the neuromodulation process. 17 Also, it is considered a limiting amino acid in the corn−soybean meal poultry diet, 18,19 and adequate L-Trp is conducive to the improvement of meat and egg performance, meat and egg quality, gut health, and immunity. 17 The 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25OHD 3 , active form of vitamin D 3 ) is important in calcium metabolism because many genes related to calcium transport and calcium metabolism have a vitamin D response element (VDRE) sequence located in their promoter region, thereby acting as a transcription factor of these genes including CaSR and many calcium transporters.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 Also, it is considered a limiting amino acid in the corn−soybean meal poultry diet, 18,19 and adequate L-Trp is conducive to the improvement of meat and egg performance, meat and egg quality, gut health, and immunity. 17 The 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25OHD 3 , active form of vitamin D 3 ) is important in calcium metabolism because many genes related to calcium transport and calcium metabolism have a vitamin D response element (VDRE) sequence located in their promoter region, thereby acting as a transcription factor of these genes including CaSR and many calcium transporters. 20 However, there has been a controversial effect of 1,25OHD 3 on bone cell proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and mineralization in different species, 21−24 and its effect is also affected by many factors such as cell origin, drug dose, treatment time, etc.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of l-Tryptophan and 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol on Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Isolated from the Compact Bones of Broilers and Layers

Hui

Zhao

Karmin

et al. 2022

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Poultry is vulnerable to bone problems throughout their lives or production period due to rapid growth in broilers and the active laying cycle in layers. The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is important in calcium and bone metabolism. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the CaSR ligand (l-Trp) and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25OHD3) on the regulation of proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of chicken mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from the compact bones of 14-day-old Ross 308 chickens and Dekalb pullets, which can provide cell-based evidence for the prevention or alleviation of skeletal disorders in the poultry industry. First, the dose- (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, and 15 mM) and time-effects (0, 7, and 14 days) of l-Trp on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in chicken MSCs were investigated. The 5 mM l-Trp had a balanced effect between proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in broiler and layer MSCs when differentiated for 7 days. The broiler and layer MSCs were then treated with (1) osteogenic medium, osteogenic medium supplemented with (2) 1 nM 1,25OHD3, (3) 2.5 mM Ca2+, (4) 2.5 mM Ca2+ + 5 mM l-Trp and (5) 2.5 mM Ca2+ + 5 mM l-Trp + 1 μM NPS-2143, separately for 7 days. Results showed that the 5 mM l-Trp significantly inhibited the proliferation of broiler and layer MSCs on day 7 (P < 0.05), but 1 nM 1,25OHD3 significantly promoted the proliferation of layer MSCs (P < 0.05). Only the 2.5 mM Ca2+ + 5 mM l-Trp group significantly increased the mineralization process during osteogenic differentiation (P < 0.05), and this treatment also significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of the vitamin D receptor (VDR), β-catenin, and osteogenesis genes in broiler MSCs (P < 0.05). The osteogenic differentiation process in layer MSCs was faster than that in broiler MSCs. In layer MSCs, Ca2+ alone significantly facilitated mineralization and ALP activity after 7-day osteogenic differentiation (P < 0.05). However, the 5 mM l-Trp significantly inhibited the differentiation and mineralization process by downregulating the mRNA expression of CaSR, VDR, β-catenin, and osteogenic genes (P < 0.05) in layer MSCs. Taken together, l-Trp and 1,25OHD3 can regulate proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in both broiler and layer MSCs depending on the dose, treatment time, and cell proliferation and differentiation stages.

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Tryptophan in poultry nutrition: Impacts and mechanisms of action

Cited by 27 publications

References 95 publications

Allium-Based Phytobiotic for Laying Hens’ Supplementation: Effects on Productivity, Egg Quality, and Fecal Microbiota

Allium-Based Phytobiotic for Laying Hens’ Supplementation: Effects on Productivity, Egg Quality, and Fecal Microbiota

Unlocking the Potential of the Human Microbiome for Identifying Disease Diagnostic Biomarkers

Effects of l-Tryptophan and 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol on Proliferation and Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Isolated from the Compact Bones of Broilers and Layers

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