Tryptophan Intake and Metabolism in Older Adults with Mood Disorders

Chojnacki, Cezary; Popławski, Tomasz; Chojnacki, Jan; Fila, Michał; Konrad, Paulina; Błasiak, Janusz

doi:10.3390/nu12103183

Cited by 30 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…A tryptophan-rich diet is not only a potential protective factor against depression but also positively related to functioning in social cognition [95]. Particularly in the elderly, mild and moderate depression may be associated with a lower intake of tryptophan [96].…”

Section: Neurotransmitter Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

Lifestyle Adjustments in Long-COVID Management: Potential Benefits of Plant-Based Diets

Storz

2021

Curr Nutr Rep

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Purpose of Review The SARS-CoV-2-pandemic has caused mortality and morbidity at an unprecedented global scale. Many patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 continue to experience symptoms after the acute phase of infection and report fatigue, sleep difficulties, anxiety, and depression as well as arthralgia and muscle weakness. Summarized under the umbrella term “long-COVID,” these symptoms may last weeks to months and impose a substantial burden on affected individuals. Dietary approaches to tackle these complications have received comparably little attention. Although plant-based diets in particular were shown to exert benefits on underlying conditions linked to poor COVID-19 outcomes, their role with regard to COVID-19 sequelae is yet largely unknown. Thus, this review sought to investigate whether a plant-based diet could reduce the burden of long-COVID. Recent Findings The number of clinical trials investigating the role of plant-based nutrition in COVID-19 prevention and management is currently limited. Yet, there is evidence from pre-pandemic observational and clinical studies that a plant-based diet may be of general benefit with regard to several clinical conditions that can also be found in individuals with COVID-19. These include anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, and musculoskeletal pain. Adoption of a plant-based diet leads to a reduced intake in pro-inflammatory mediators and could be one accessible strategy to tackle long-COVID associated prolonged systemic inflammation. Summary Plant-based diets may be of general benefit with regard to some of the most commonly found COVID-19 sequelae. Additional trials investigating which plant-based eating patterns confer the greatest benefit in the battle against long-COVID are urgently warranted.

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Section: Neurotransmitter Balancementioning

confidence: 99%

Lifestyle Adjustments in Long-COVID Management: Potential Benefits of Plant-Based Diets

Storz

2021

Curr Nutr Rep

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“…Discovered by Sir F.G. Hopkins in 1901 in milk casein hydrolysate, Trp was found to be an essential amino acid in experiments with mouse diet. Over the years, interest in Trp and its nutritional role in the mammalian diet has received enormous attention, much of which can be found in recent reviews [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Here, I have taken a complimentary approach, critically analyzing the major roles of Trp in cellular functions and in intermediary metabolism, such as translation, protein structure, adduct formation, the generation of important regulators, and most recently, RNA virus regulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Uniqueness of Tryptophan in Biology: Properties, Metabolism, Interactions and Localization in Proteins

Barik

2020

IJMS

133

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Tryptophan (Trp) holds a unique place in biology for a multitude of reasons. It is the largest of all twenty amino acids in the translational toolbox. Its side chain is indole, which is aromatic with a binuclear ring structure, whereas those of Phe, Tyr, and His are single-ring aromatics. In part due to these elaborate structural features, the biosynthetic pathway of Trp is the most complex and the most energy-consuming among all amino acids. Essential in the animal diet, Trp is also the least abundant amino acid in the cell, and one of the rarest in the proteome. In most eukaryotes, Trp is the only amino acid besides Met, which is coded for by a single codon, namely UGG. Due to the large and hydrophobic π-electron surface area, its aromatic side chain interacts with multiple other side chains in the protein, befitting its strategic locations in the protein structure. Finally, several Trp derivatives, namely tryptophylquinone, oxitriptan, serotonin, melatonin, and tryptophol, have specialized functions. Overall, Trp is a scarce and precious amino acid in the cell, such that nature uses it parsimoniously, for multiple but selective functions. Here, the various aspects of the uniqueness of Trp are presented in molecular terms.

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“…Upon release, 5-HT is inactivated by the serotonin reuptake transporter and broken down into 5-hydroxyindoleaceticacid (5-HIAA), which is excreted in the urine. Several studies show that 5-HIAA levels and HIAA/5-HT ratio may reflect an altered serotonin metabolism [ 18 , 19 ]. Enterochromaffin cells produce much more 5-HT than central and peripheral neurons [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serotonin in the Pathogenesis of Lymphocytic Colitis

Chojnacki

Popławski

Gąsiorowska

et al. 2021

JCM

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Lymphocytic colitis (LC) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, and colonic intraepithelial lymphocytosis. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is reported to increase in certain colon diseases; however, little is known regarding its metabolism in LC. In the present work, the level of 5-HT in serum and the number of enteroendocrine cells (EECs) as well as the expression of the 5-HT rate-limiting enzyme tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (TPH1) in colonic biopsies and urine 5-hydroxyindoeoacetic acid (5-HIAA) were determined in 36 LC patients that were treated with budesonide and 32 healthy controls. The 5-HT serum and 5-HIAA urine levels were measured using ELISA, the EEC number was determined immunohistochemically, and the colonic TPH1 mRNA expression was determined using RT-PCR. The levels of 5-HT and 5-HIAA and the number of EECs were higher in LC patients than in the controls, and positive correlations were observed between the 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels, 5-HT and EEC number, TPH1 mRNA and EEC number, as well as the severity of disease symptoms and 5-HIAA. Budesonide decreased the levels of 5-HT, 5-HIAA, and TPH1 expression and the number of EECs to values that did not differ from those for controls. In conclusion, the serotonin metabolism may be important for LC pathogenesis, and the urinary level of 5-HIAA may be considered as a non-invasive marker of this disease activity.

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Tryptophan Intake and Metabolism in Older Adults with Mood Disorders

Cited by 30 publications

References 29 publications

Lifestyle Adjustments in Long-COVID Management: Potential Benefits of Plant-Based Diets

Lifestyle Adjustments in Long-COVID Management: Potential Benefits of Plant-Based Diets

The Uniqueness of Tryptophan in Biology: Properties, Metabolism, Interactions and Localization in Proteins

Serotonin in the Pathogenesis of Lymphocytic Colitis

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