Tsetse and trypanosomiasis survey of southern darfur province, Sudan

Hall, M. J. R.; Kheir, S. M.; Rahman, A. H. A.; Noga, S.

doi:10.1007/bf02242056

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The general lifestyle and particularly the seasonal movements of the major cattleowning tribes in Southern Darfur encountered during this survey were outlined previously by Hall et al (1983). To gain an understanding of the tribesmen's appreciation of the vectors of trypanosomiasis those owners who visited each base camp to have their cattle examined were asked to "identify those flies that caused trypanosomiasis of their stock" from a number of pinned specimens representative of the local tsetse and tabanid populations, i.e.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In his review Wells (1972) concludes that most reported cases of mechanical transmission have overlooked facts that could otherwise explain the presence of infected cattle away from known tsetse areas. The increasing proportion of T. vivax infections in herds at increasing distance from the main tsetse loci in Southern Darfur (Hall et al, 1983) can be explained in terms of tsetse transmission (Leeflang, 1975) without the need to implicate other insects as vectors. While there is a strong correlation between the distribution of infected cattle and tsetse in Southern Darfur no such correlation exists with tabanids.…”

Section: Rainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the short term trypanosomiasis control will best be achieved by such action and by the continued but more controlled use of chemical prophylaxis and therapy as outlined by Hall et al (1983). Thus reopening of inoperative boreholes north of the tsetse belt would be beneficial by reducing the pressure on cattle to penetrate the tsetse belt in the dry season.…”

Section: Rainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results of that survey of cattle to determine the incidence of bovine trypanosomiasis are presented in the first paper in this series (Hall, Kheir, Rahman and Noga, 1983) while this paper presents results of a concurrent tsetse survey and discusses the relationship of both tsetse and tabanids in the epidemiology of the disease. Of the problems faced by cattle owners, veterinarians rank trypanosomiasis as a major threat and therefore between 1979 and 1981 a survey was made of Southern Darfur to quantify the problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tsetse and trypanosomiasis survey of southern darfur province, Sudan

Hall¹,

Kheir²,

Rahman³

et al. 1984

Trop Anim Health Prod

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Atsetse survey of Southern Darfur province, Sudan showed that the distribution of the only species present, Glossina morsitans submorsitans, had not appreciably altered over 10 years. Fly populations are most dense south of the Wadi Umbelasha but light infestations are found in the woodlands north of this riverine system to a latitude of about 10 degrees 15' N. Data are given on host availability which is thought to be the major factor determining tsetse distribution. The relative importance of tsetse and of tabanids as transmitters of bovine trypanosomiasis in the province is discussed. The evidence indicates that tsetse are very much more important and that cattle are most at risk of contracting infections during their dry season southerly migrations to the tsetse belts especially during their "Rushash" migration at first rains. Possibilities of tsetse control are discussed but in the short term trypanosomiasis control is most likely best achieved by chemical prophylaxis/therapy of cattle at risk.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Tsetse and trypanosomiasis survey of southern darfur province, Sudan

Hall¹,

Kheir²,

Rahman³

et al. 1984

Trop Anim Health Prod

Self Cite

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“…In West Africa Glossina palpalis gambiensis is one of the important vectors of trypanosomes [5,6]. For over a century studies have been conducted to better understand vector dynamics and disease epidemiology with the intention of lessening or eliminating the disease burden [7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. The treatment of confirmed HAT cases has relied on drugs whose mode of action was not fully understood [14], with little advance since the late nineteenth century when livestock owners administered various concoctions to their animals in the hope of curing AAT [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Storage of male Glossina palpalis gambiensis pupae at low temperature: effect on emergence, mating and survival

et al. 2014

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Background: Procurement of sterile tsetse flies (Glossina palpalis gambiensis) from Burkina Faso for an eradication programme in Senegal that incorporates the sterile insect technique (SIT) required the development of transport and handling protocols that would allow retaining the female flies in the rearing facility and transport of the male flies as irradiated pupae. The proposed handling scheme included the chilling of the male pupae after the female emergence and transport to Senegal under low temperatures. The effect of exposing male pupae of G. p. gambiensis to low temperature immediately prior to emergence was investigated. Methods: The parameters of interest were emergence rate, insemination potential, survival of adult male, male ability to participate in mating activities and productivity of females mated with these males. Production was assessed in laboratory rearing cages and mating behaviour in field cages. Male flies that emerged after the female emergence flush from pupae stored at 10°C or 12.5°C for 5 or 7 days were used in the investigations with flies that emerged under standard colony conditions as control. Males that were 3, 6 or 9 days old competed for mating opportunities with 3 day old females. Results:The emergence of males after storage of pupae at low temperature (10°C and 12.5°C) for 3, 5, or 7 days was similar to those kept under standard colony conditions while emergence of flies stored at 15°C started before the storage period was over. Survival of males that emerged from pupae stored at low temperature for varying periods was more than 60% at 30 days post emergence (control more than 75%). The fecundity of females inseminated by males that emerged from pupae stored at low temperature for varying periods ranged from 0.33±0.16 to 0.73±0.04 pupae per female per 10 days (control 0.60±0.16). The older males, irrespective of treatment, out-competed the younger males and 3 day-old males transferred lower amounts of seminal contents to the females. Conclusions: Storage of male pupae at low temperature for periods up to 7 days at the end of the male pupal period could not be directly associated with impairment of mating activity.

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Trypanosome infection rate ofGlossina morsitans submorsitans in Bahr El Arab, South Darfur Province, Sudan

Mohamed-Ahmed

Ahmed

Ishag

1989

Trop Anim Health Prod

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Trypanosome infection rate of Glossina morsitans submorsitans in Bahr El Arab fly belt, Sudan was investigated in four areas using fly rounds with screen and bait animals together with traps during the dry season February to May 1985. The overall infection rate of tests flies captured in the four areas was 5.1%. The infection rate of vivax group trypanosomes comprised 64.7% of total infections, congolense group 31.2% and brucei group trypanosomes 3.9%: 27.3% of the vivax and 31.3% of the congolense were immature trypanosome infections. Mixed trypanosome infections were encountered in a few flies. Trypanosome infection rate of flies differed with the sampling technique employed. A linear positive correlation existed between the physiological age of males and their trypanosome infection rates.

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Tsetse and trypanosomiasis survey of southern darfur province, Sudan

Cited by 11 publications

References 10 publications

Tsetse and trypanosomiasis survey of southern darfur province, Sudan

Tsetse and trypanosomiasis survey of southern darfur province, Sudan

Storage of male Glossina palpalis gambiensis pupae at low temperature: effect on emergence, mating and survival

Trypanosome infection rate ofGlossina morsitans submorsitans in Bahr El Arab, South Darfur Province, Sudan

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