Tsetse fly distribution and occurrence of Trypanosoma species among cattle and goats around Queen Elizabeth National park, Uganda

Kangume, Mallion; Muhangi, Denis; Byaruhanga, Joseph; Agaba, Aggrey; Sserunkuma, Joachim; Kisembo, Stallon Justus; Bogere, Paul; Vudriko, Patrick; Rwego, Innocent B.

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-32266/v1

Cited by 2 publications

References 25 publications

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Prevalence of African animal trypanosomiasis among livestock and domestic animals in Uganda: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis from 1980 to 2022

Rascón-García,

Martínez-López,

Cecchi

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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African animal trypanosomiasis (AAT) is one of the major constraints to animal health and production in sub-Saharan Africa. To inform AAT control in Uganda and help advance along the progressive control pathway (PCP), we characterized AAT prevalence among eight host species in Uganda and explored factors that influence the prevalence variation between studies. We retrieved AAT prevalence publications (n = 2232) for Uganda (1980–2022) from five life sciences databases, focusing on studies specifying AAT detection methods, sample size, and the number of trypanosome-positive animals. Following PRISMA guidelines, we included 56 publications, and evaluated publication bias by the Luis Furuya-Kanamori (LFK) index. National AAT prevalence under DNA diagnostic methods for cattle, sheep and goats was 22.15%, 8.51% and 13.88%, respectively. Under DNA diagnostic methods, T. vivax was the most common Trypanosoma sp. in cattle (6.15%, 95% CI: 2.91–10.45) while T. brucei was most common among small ruminants (goats: 8.78%, 95% CI: 1.90–19.88, and sheep: 8.23%, 95% CI: 4.74–12.50, respectively). Northern and Eastern regions accounted for the highest AAT prevalence. Despite the limitations of this study (i.e., quality of reviewed studies, underrepresentation of districts/regions), we provide insights that could be used for better control of AAT in Uganda and identify knowledge gaps that need to be addressed to support the progressive control of AAT at country level and other regional endemic countries with similar AAT eco-epidemiology.

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Prevalence of African animal trypanosomiasis among livestock and domestic animals in Uganda: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis from 1980 to 2022

Rascón-García,

Martínez-López,

Cecchi

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Optimisation of integrated control of ticks and tsetse flies in mixed game and livestock interfaces in Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda

Ocaido,

Sente,

Nagasha

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background Mixed Game and Livestock Interfaces (MGLIs) in and around conservation areas like Queen Elizabeth National Park (QENP) have typanosomosis, tsetse flies, Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases (TTBDs) as major constraints to livestock productivity. There were no cheaper community-based methods for controlling both ticks and tsetse flies. It was against this background that this study was done. Methods A weekly restricted spraying of cattle using vectocid ® for 6 months was done in MGLIs in QENP for controlling both ticks and tsetse flies Before technology introduction, a baseline survey was done to establish livestock productivity, tsetse and tick infestation burdens, prevalence to tick borne diseases (TBDs) and trypanososmosis, moribidity and mortality rates due to TBDs and trypanososmosis; and economic cost due to TTBDs, tstetse flies and trypanosomosis. Later the above parameters were monitored to quantify the impact. Results After intervention, infestations by Rhipicephalus appendiculatus (14.8 ± 0.8 / cattle), Ambylloma variegatum (0.8 / cattle) and Rhipicephalus evertsi (0.2/ cattle) decreased by 43.2%, 50% and 100% respectively. However, Rhipicephalus micropilus and Rhipicephalus decoloratus infestations grew by 1000% and 400% respectively. The tsetse fly catches per trap after 72 hours decreased from 14.2 to 0. The trypanosomosis prevalence in cattle decreased from 7.3% to none. The farmer reported prevalence of tryapanosomosis reduced from 31.6–1.1%; East Coast Fever (ECF) reduced from 12.3–4.3%; heartwater and anaplasmosis reduced from 4.5% and 0.7% respectively to 0. The mortality rate of cattle due to tryapnosomosis was reduced from 7.2% to 0; ECF reduced from 3.2% to 0.6; anaplasmosis and heartwater reduced from 0.1% and 1.1% respectively to 0. Annual mortality loss per herd due to trypanosomosis and TBDs reduced by 88.3% from USD 1,571.3 to USD 184.1 after intervention. Before intervention tryapnosomosis, ECF, anaplasmosis and heartwater constituted 70,6%, 17.7%, 11.1% and 0.6% of this loss respectively. However, after intervention there was mortality loss of only USD 35.9 due to ECF. The annual economic cost of ticks, tsetse flies, TBDs and trypnosomosis decreased from USD 1,916.8 to USD 302, with return of investment of 23. Conclusions The introduced technology was effective for control of R. appendiculatus, R. evertsi, A. variegatum and tsetse flies; but not for R. decoloratus and R. micropilus.

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Tsetse fly distribution and occurrence of Trypanosoma species among cattle and goats around Queen Elizabeth National park, Uganda

Cited by 2 publications

References 25 publications

Prevalence of African animal trypanosomiasis among livestock and domestic animals in Uganda: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis from 1980 to 2022

Prevalence of African animal trypanosomiasis among livestock and domestic animals in Uganda: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis from 1980 to 2022

Optimisation of integrated control of ticks and tsetse flies in mixed game and livestock interfaces in Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda

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