Tsunami design procedures for engineered buildings: a critical review

Abstract

triggered the nuclear crisis at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, and is thought to have cost nearly 18 500 lives (NPAJ, 2017).Data from the GEJE and recent research have led to updated Japanese guidelines. More importantly, the 2016 edition of the ASCE 7 code 'Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures' (ASCE, 2016) includes a newly developed chapter 6 entitled 'Tsunami loads and effects', which presents the world's first tsunami design code written in mandatory language. A limited number of other countries are deriving local guidelines based on these, such as Chile.Notably, despite the fact that a risk and precedent of large tsunamis exists around some European coastal regions including parts of the UK (McCabe et al., 2014), European design codes of practice do not address tsunami loading. The same is true of many other at-risk locations around the world, including the Pacific 'ring of fire', the Indian Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, the North Sea and certain regions of the Black and Marmara Seas.This paper summarises field observations made by the Earthquake Engineering Field Investigation Team (EEFIT) -a UK-based group of earthquake engineers, architects and scientists -following the GEJE regarding building damage and failure mechanisms. It then presents and contrasts tsunami design guidance documents from Japan and the USA, discussing the underlying assumptions behind the development of the current approaches, and draws attention to a number of design conditions not yet covered by design standards.A loading example is used to quantify and compare the design loads from the USA and Japanese design standards. Note that for brevity only lateral fluid forces are considered, with debris and foundation instability effects due to scouring being ignored. Debris loading represents a significant component of the design considerations for tsunami-resistant structures (Chock, 2016;Nistor et al., 2017). However, in the context of the analysis of the currently available design recommendations and standards, the main focus of the present analysis is related to the hydrodynamic

Vulnerability assessment of reinforced concrete buildings in Indonesia subjected to tsunami inundation forces

“…The tsunami load cases shown in Table II are based on the tsunami load estimation methods discussed in Section 2. Similar load cases were also considered by Macabuag et al (2018), but in the present study, the unsteady inundation flow regime of Foster et al (2017) is considered, while Macabuag et al (2018) considered the steady inundation flow regime. The load cases Foster1 ( b / w = 0.1) and Foster2 ( b / w = 0.6) correspond to a sparse building environment and a dense building environment, respectively.…”

“…For load cases Foster1 ( b / w = 0.1) and Foster2 ( b / w = 0.6), the hydrodynamic drag coefficient when there is no blocking (i.e b / w = 0) C D 0 = 1.9 and the hydrostatic coefficient C H = 0.58 (Foster et al , 2017). These parameters were also used by Macabuag (2018). It is noted that the slope of terrain and the parameters n , R , C d , C D 0 and C H will change with the location.…”

Influence of Orientation and Arrangement of Structures on Tsunami Impact Forces: Numerical Investigation with Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics

“…Learning from past events, a full recovery following tsunami disasters can take years or even decades (Leelawat et al 2015). For more resilient communities, infrastructure needs to remain functional and become functional immediately after the disaster (ASCE/SEI 2017; Macabuag et al 2018). To prevent infrastructure damage caused by tsunami, mitigation strategies have been investigated both experimentally and numerically, including natural protection by mangroves (Alongi 2008) and traditional coastal defences (Kihara et al 2015).…”

Safety Evaluation of a RC Structure with Multiple Openings under High Water Depth Inundations

“…The studies of the behaviour of structures under inundations often consider water depths and duration as damage controlling parameters [16]. The actions of inundations on structures are categorised into five types: hydrostatic, hydrodynamic, erosion, buoyancy and debris actions [16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. As for high-tide floods including tsunamis, in addition to the above-mentioned five actions, impulsive actions need to be taken into account [23].…”