Tsunami Evacuation Simulation for Disaster Education and City Planning

Abstract

Tsunami evacuation simulation combining tsunami inundation simulation and people evacuation simulation was applied to the western half of tsunami-prone area of Banda Aceh and its use for tsunami disaster education and city planning was studied in cooperation with school teachers and city office personnel. People evacuation was simulated based on multiagent simulation handling over 20,000 agent models, including walking family, motorcycle, and automobile agents. Agent ratios and their basic responses were defined in a survey of mass evacuation in Meulaboh, Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, triggered by the May 7, 2010, earthquake. Tsunami inundation simulation theoretically replicated the 2004 great Indian Ocean tsunami as developed by Professor Shunichi Koshimura of Tohoku University who used a sophisticated source model. Several simulations were developed using different scenarios such as evacuation start timing, automobile evacuation ratios, and evacuee destinations. Simulations were shown to Banda Aceh school students and instructors and to municipal office personnel. Based on their evaluations, the tsunami evacuation simulation proved to be effective in disaster education and city planning and was improved by their suggestions. We plan to expand the simulation area to the eastern half of Banda Aceh for practical use.

Adaptation of the Spatial Pattern of a Settlement to Disaster in Simeulue Regency, Aceh Province

“…Focusing on the last point, one way to provide people with knowledge on safe route and destination is by conducting regular evacuation drills. However, the training is expensive to be carried out, and it is challenging to enable many residents to take part [20]. People had memorized and known well the fastest route and road which should be passed to go to the mountain or hill even in a rush as when tsunami (smong) disaster occurred on Sunday, 26 December 2004.…”

A method for tsunami risk assessment: a case study for Kamakura, Japan

“…Tsunami models were run in 2D, and evacuation behavior was modeled with respect to tsunami arrival time and human behavior (Goto et al 2012;Mas et al 2012). However, complete risk assessments and evaluations including cost-benefit assessments were generally not performed.…”

Recent Advances in Agent-Based Tsunami Evacuation Simulations: Case Studies in Indonesia, Thailand, Japan and Peru

“…Here, we demonstrate several examples of case studies of ABM tsunami evacuation modeling applied to verify, analyze and evaluate actual or predicted tsunami scenarios for evacuations. A large body of literature on agent-based tsunami evacuation models is available for several areas (WIJERATHNE et al 2013;GOTO et al 2012;NGUYEN et al 2012b;ABUSTAN et al 2012;LÄ MMEL et al 2010;MEGURO and ODA 2005;KATADA et al 2004); however, for brevity and consistency, we will introduce case studies and mitigation-related results from one agentbased model.…”