Tsunami Hazard Zone and Multiple Scenarios of Tsunami Evacuation Route at Jetis Beach, Cilacap Regency, Indonesia

Abstract

The 2006 tsunami, throughout the Pangandaran to Cilacap Coast, resulted in 802 deaths and 1623 houses being destroyed. At Jetis beach, Cilacap Regency, 12 people died, and hundreds of houses were damaged. This area is a tourism destination, visited by hundreds of people per week. Therefore, this study aims to determine a tsunami hazard zone and the most effective evacuation route based on multiple factors and scenarios. The method of this study includes scoring, weighting, and overlaying the distance of the Jetis beach from the shoreline and the river, including the elevation and topography. The study results depict five levels of tsunami hazard zone at the Jetis beach: an area of high potential impact, moderately high, moderate, moderately low, and low. The southern Jetis beach is the most vulnerable area with regard to tsunamis, characterized by low elevation, proximity to the beach and rivers, and gentle slopes. The simulation results show the four fastest evacuation routes with the distance from the high-risk zone to the safe zone of around 683–1683 m. This study infers that the southern part of the Jetis beach, in the moderate to high impact zone, needs greater attention as it would suffer worst impact from a tsunami.

Application of the PTVA–4 Modeling in Assessment of Building Vulnerability to Earthquake and Tsunami: A Simple and Reliable Method for Preliminary Study of Tsunami-Prone Zones

“…𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 (6) The modeling can be undertaken using ArcMap 10.8.1 software with a tsunami runoff height of m. This tsunami runoff height is according to [28,29]. The maximum run-up height of the tsunami at Ayah Beach is 2.7-3 meters, and 3-3.8 meters for Widarapayung Beach.…”

Shoreline change dynamics along the Augusta coast, eastern Sicily, South Italy

“…Around 60% of the world's population that lives in coastal areas is vulnerable to erosional phenomena (Cai et al, 2009; Wang et al, 2021; Zhang et al, 2021). Coastal morphology is modelled by the interaction between sediment budget and physical oceanographic conditions (Cao et al, 2020; Distefano & Gamberi, 2022; Laksono, Widagdo et al, 2022; Todd et al, 2019). However, in recent times, the extensive man‐made modifications of coasts and lands, that is, ports, coastal defence structures and human settlements, become key factors in triggering coastal dynamic changes (Chu et al, 2020; Di Stefano et al, 2013; Fletcher et al, 2012).…”

TSUNAMI HAZARD MAPPING BASED ON COASTAL SYSTEM ANALYSIS USING HIGH-RESOLUTION UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE (UAV) IMAGERY (Case Study in Kukup Coastal Area, Gunungkidul Regency, Indonesia)

“…The Pangandaran tsunami, with a height of 5-7 meters, surged along the southern coast of Java and was caused by an earthquake with a strength of > 7 Mw (moment magnitude) (Faiqoh, Gaol, & Ling, 2013;Widiyantoro et al, 2020). As a consequence of this incident, 664 people died, 498 people were injured, 1,623 houses were damaged, and economic loss reached 55 million US dollars (Anjar, Laksono, Widagdo, Aditama, & Fauzan, 2022). The southern coastal area of Java is the most at risk for tsunamis due to its dense population and proximity to an active subduction zone (Hall et al, 2017;Lavigne et al, 2007;Okamoto & Takenaka, 2009).…”

“…The study of tsunami hazard has been widely studied, mainly in coastal areas in Indonesia with various approach methods such as in Cilacap Coast, Java, Indonesia (Anjar et al, 2022), Pangandaran Coast, Java, Indonesia (Faiqoh et al, 2013), Southern West Java Coast, Indonesia (Windupranata, Hanifa, Nusantara, Aristawati, & Arifianto, 2020), and Padang Coastal Area, Sumatra, Indonesia (Ashar, Amaratunga, & Haigh, 2018;Di Mauro, Megawati, Cedillos, & Tucker, 2013). Other research related to Tsunami risk and potential in this research such as from Mardiatno, Malawani, & Nisaa', (2020) The future tsunami risk potential as a consequence of building development in Pangandaran Region, West Java, Indonesia and Nisaa', Sartohadi, & Mardiatno, (2021) The inundation model provided by the government is based on national topographic maps/ peta rupabumi indonesia (RBI) with 12.5 meters contour interval and 1: 25,000 scale for land use identification, resulting inaccurate models (Marfai, Khakim, Fatchurohman, & Salma, 2021).…”