Tsunami Impact on Coastal Habitats of India

Sridhar, P. N.; Jain, Sudhanshi S.; Surendran, Arun C.; Narayan, B. Veera

doi:10.1201/9780203964439.ch32

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The study attributed the reason for the loss mainly to the breaking up of reefs, deposition of sand and mud on reefs, and uplift of land (Chia et al 2005;Sridhar et al 2007) exposing the coral reefs (Saxena et al 2008) resulting in positional changes, morphological modifications and lost biota (Joseph 2011). Bahuguna et al (2008) used both unsupervised and supervised methods for the classification of satellite data to assess the impact of the tsunami primarily on reefs and mangroves.…”

Section: Aandn Archipelagomentioning

confidence: 98%

Tsunami and tropical island ecosystems: a meta-analysis of studies in Andaman and Nicobar Islands

et al. 2011

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Tropical islands are special and sensitive ecosystems which are subjected to various disturbances imposed by human activities and natural disasters. A detailed study about the changing landscape scenarios of these fragile island systems induced by various driving factors could be used for setting up measurements in support of conservation and sustainable development projects. The current research is a meta-analysis of the studies carried out in Andaman and Nicobar islands which analyzed the impact of tsunami of 2004 using geospatial tools. Based on the analysis, it was observed that the Nicobar islands were more affected compared to the Andaman islands. The majority of the researchers used preand post-tsunami satellite imagery and adopted visual interpretation method to delineate the changed classes. The study infers uplift of land in Andaman (exposing) and subsidence in Nicobar islands (inundation) with severe damage to the coastal elements like mangroves, coral reefs, plantations and in few cases interior forest. The analysis showed there were no records of the damage for some small islands. Finally, it is concluded that utility of microwave satellite data for change analysis will prove better in regions like Andaman and Nicobar where it is difficult to get cloud free optical data because of the high monsoon periods in these islands. It is also suggested that future work utilizing suitable temporal satellite imagery should focus on the extent of recovery of vegetation and other coastal elements which suffer the impact of disaster.

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Section: Aandn Archipelagomentioning

confidence: 98%

Tsunami and tropical island ecosystems: a meta-analysis of studies in Andaman and Nicobar Islands

et al. 2011

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“…(2007) found that the flooding stress on mangroves in China was greater for the leaves than other organs of the tree. Mangroves proved to be more effective guardians from the force of the tsunami than other natural barriers (Figure 8), including casuarina trees, sand dunes, and man‐made barriers such as seawalls and groins (Sridhar et al. 2007).…”

Section: Mangroves As a Protector From Natural Hazardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…He et al (2007) found that the flooding stress on mangroves in China was greater for the leaves than other organs of the tree. Mangroves proved to be more effective guardians from the force of the tsunami than other natural barriers (Figure 8), including casuarina trees, sand dunes, and man-made barriers such as seawalls and groins (Sridhar et al 2007). In two similar-sized villages, the death tolls varied greatly between the unprotected village (6000 deaths) and the village behind a dense mangroves (2 deaths) (Kinver 2005).…”

Section: Mangroves As a Protector From Natural Hazardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Biogeomorphology of Mangroves and Their Role in Natural Hazards Mitigation

2009

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Along low‐relief coasts in tropical regions, mangroves occupy the biogeographical landscape usually occupied by salt‐marsh or cypress ecosystems in more temperate regions. Over 50 species of mangroves are found worldwide. In tropical regions, mangroves are the prevalent coastal wetland ecosystem, overshadowed in the public mind by tropical rainforests and coral reefs. Mangroves exist on the tropical rims of all continents except Antarctica. Numerous species of mangroves exist; collectively they create large ecosystems such as the Sundarbans in Bangladesh and India that provide habitats for endangered species, including the Bengal Tiger. As biogeomorphological agents, mangroves interact with tidal flows to entrap and stabilize sediment, create humus, and alter tropical coastal environments. Mangrove sediments and pollen entrapped therein record substantial sea‐level rises and falls during the Holocene, including a mid‐Holocene highstand, and a regression associated with the Little Ice Age. Mangroves provide habitats for a variety of coastal creatures, including crabs, juvenile fish, and sponges. Worldwide, the mangrove ecosystem is threatened by anthropogenic activities such as aquaculture, urban development, and forestry. Removal of mangroves not only endangers sensitive ecosystems, but also reduces the protection from natural hazards that mangroves offer. Tsunami and storm surges from tropical cyclones are dissipated by the intertwined root systems of the mangroves, limiting the destructive potential of the surging water, although the extent of protection offered by mangroves is controversial. The natural protection of the mangroves has proven superior to man‐made objects to deflect tsunami and storm surge. Mangrove revegetation efforts are underway in numerous countries, most notably Bangladesh, Vietnam, Thailand, and Tanzania. A variety of remote‐sensing platforms provide the ability to monitor mangrove recovery or decline around the world. The ultimate results of anthropogenic influences on mangroves remain to be seen.

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