Tsunami: Psychosocial aspects of Andaman and Nicobar islands. Assessments and intervention in the early phase

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to describe the activities and observations of the team from National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences (NIMHANS) Bangalore, India in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands during the early phase of the Tsunami disaster in January and February 2005. The activities comprised mental health consultation at camps, community sensitization, mental health services to the students and children, teachers orientation sessions and training of non-governmental organization [NGO] functionaries. Initial assessment reveals 5-8% of the population were suffering from significant mental health problems following the early phase of the disaster. This may increase in the aftermath of the early relief phase. Psychiatric morbidity is expected be around 25-30% in the disillusionment phase. High resilience was seen in the joint family system of tribal Nicobarese during early phase of disaster. In developing countries like India, limited availability of mental health professionals and poor knowledge about disaster mental health among the medical and para-medical staff, may lead to poor psychosocial rehabilitation of the survivors. To respond to a high magnitude natural disaster like a tsunami, the disaster mental health team must be able to understand the local culture, traditions, language, belief systems and local livelihood patterns. They also need to integrate with the network of various governmental and non-governmental organizations to cater to the needs of the survivors. Hence the presence of a disaster mental health team is definitely required during the early phase of the disaster in developing countries.

Earthquake impact in a remote South Asian population: Psychosocial factors and posttraumatic symptoms

“…This may relate to the universal postearthquake homelessness in this sample (Kilic et al, 2006) and the communities' isolation. Limited mental health resources are associated with poorer mental health outcomes in developing countries (Math et al, 2006). Similar to some prior studies (Basoglu et al, 2001;Galea, Nandi, & Vlahov, 2005), female gender, lower education, and higher proximity to the epicenter (the latter only in the firstwave sample) were significantly associated with higher symptom levels.…”

Four Years Post-Tsunami: Children’s Well-Being

“…Children of the present study describe the social skill "openness" as being happy to be confronted with new people, places and situations. In other words, children like to explore, which is a sign that they feel safe and they have overcome trauma, as clinging behaviour often is a result of trauma (Math, Chandra Girimaji, Benegal, Uday Kumar, Hamza, & Nagaraja, 2006). Another result of the present study indicates how important children view "nature" as enhancement of their subjective well-being.…”

Tsunami: Hope in the Midst of Disaster

“…Aftershocks in the nearby Andaman and Nicobar Islands sent waves of fear among the survivors, further debilitating their spirits (Math, Girimaji, et al, 2006). "Disasters are potentially traumatic events which impose massive collective stress consequent to violent encounters with nature, technology or human kind (Math, John, et al, 2008, p. 29).…”