This article presents the results of an ethnoarchaeological study of Basimane ward in Serowe, Botswana. It is argued that African archaeology is currently at the forefront of the debate on theory-building in ethnoarchaeology and that this debate is exemplified in the argument about the use of the Central Cattle Pattern (CCP) model as a direct historical analogy to Iron Age settlement in southern Africa. My case study demonstrates that the continuities of settlement architecture that are evident for the past century in Basimane ward should not be interpreted as the persistence of the cultural forms that are described in the CCP. Rather, the persistence of elements of the physical form of the CCP to post-colonial settlement is a testimony to the interplay between structure and human agency, to the capacity of people constantly to renegotiate the rules -past and present, social and architectural -in order to make sense of the lives they live. The value of ethnoarchaeology to post-processual archaeology is not to provide a contemporary 'pattern' of material culture that may be compared to an ancient one in the form of a uniformitarian analogy, but rather to demonstrate that, according to the discursive nature of Giddens's duality of structure, archaeologists would be wrong to disengage structure and agency in order to 'find' them as separate archaeologically identifiable components.J. Roy. Anthrop. Inst. (N.S.) , - © Royal Anthropological Institute of Basimane, Serowe, cannot be understood in terms of agency alone or in terms of structure alone. It is important to address the debate about the CCP model because some of the most thought-provoking work on the potential role of ethnoarchaeology in the post-processual context has been generated as a result of it.In its original inception ethnoarchaeology was a product of the processual archaeology of the s. Binford (: ) had employed analogy in his work by means of Middle Range Theory, which involved the objective testing of hypotheses about the past in order to produce a quantitative proof that would lead to the production of law-like generalizations. Since the post-processual critique in archaeology in the s rejected processualism for its aspirations to objectivity and its reliance on the philosophy of science as a source of theoretical inspiration, ethnoarchaeology, in Britain especially, has been largely neglected as a methodology by virtue of its association with the 62 Kathryn J. Fewster J. Roy. Anthrop. Inst. (N.S.) , -