Tualang Honey Attenuates Kainic Acid-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rat Cerebellum and Brainstem

Abstract

Objective: The present study examined the protective effect of tualang honey (TH) against kainic acid (KA)-induced oxidative stress in the cerebellum and brainstem of rats.Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: Control, KA-treated, TH+KA-treated, and topiramate (TPM, an antiepileptic agent)+KA-treated groups. Rats were pretreated orally with drinking water, TH (1.0 g/kg body weight), or TPM (40 mg/kg body weight), respectively, five times at 12 h intervals. Saline or KA (15 mg/kg body weight) were injected subcutaneously 30 min after last oral treatment. Rats were sacrificed at 2 h, 24 h, and 48 h after KA administration. Oxidative stress markers were analyzed in different brain regions (cerebellum and brainstem) 2 h, 24 h, and 48 h after KA administration.Results: KA caused significant (p<0.05) elevation in the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances level, protein carbonyl contents, and nitric oxide production, impairment of glutathione system, and a significant reduction in the total antioxidant status in the rat cerebellum and brainstem at multiple time-points, as compared to control groups. Pretreatment with TH significantly (p<0.05) reduced the elevation in the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances level, protein carbonyl contents, and nitric oxide production and increasing a reduction in the total antioxidant status in the rat cerebellum and brainstem induced by KA at multiple time-points, as compared to KA only-treated group.Conclusion: Taken together, this study suggests that TH has therapeutic potential in reducing oxidative stress in the cerebellum and brainstem of KA-induced rats via its antioxidant property.

Natural Products and Their Bioactive Compounds: Neuroprotective Potentials against Neurodegenerative Diseases

“…In general, pure honey contains over 200 compounds, consisting mainly of carbohydrates (monosaccharides: glucose and fructose; disaccharides: sucrose and maltose), protein (amino acids and enzymes), minerals, vitamins (vitamin B6, riboflavin, niacin, and thiamine), phenolic compounds (flavonoids and phenolic acids), and volatile substance (responsible for the characteristic aroma of honey) [41][42][43][44][45][46]. In kainic acid-induced excitotoxicity animal model, pretreatment with honey significantly attenuated oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and brainstem as well as progression of neuronal damage in the piriform cortex of kainic acid-induced rats [47][48][49]. Hence, honey confers its neuroprotection against the deleterious effect of kainic acid through its antioxidants and anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties, thereby protecting brain from neuronal loss and neurodegeneration.…”

Tualang Honey Reduced Neuroinflammation and Caspase‐3 Activity in Rat Brain after Kainic Acid‐Induced Status Epilepticus

“…Each major group was further randomly divided into three subgroups depending on the time of sacrifice (after 2 h, 24 h, and 48 h of KA administration; n = 6 rats per subgroup), with a total of 12 subgroups in each study. The groups are as follows: Group 1: the saline-treated group (control group) : rats received drinking water via oral gavage five times every 12 h. Group 2: the KA only-treated group: rats received drinking water via oral gavage five times every 12 h. Group 3: the tualang honey (TH) + KA-treated group: rats received Tualang honey (1.0 g/kg body weight; diluted in distilled water) via oral gavage five times every 12 h. The dosage of TH at 1.0 g/ body weight was selected based on the previous studies that demonstrated the protective effect of TH in a model of diabetic animals [ 37 ] and a model of menopause animals [ 38 ] as well as in our previous study [ 48 ]. Group 4: the topiramate (TPM) + KA-treated group : rats received TPM (40 mg/kg body weight; dissolved in 0.9 (w/v) NaCl solution with pH 8.0) via oral gavage five times every 12 h. The topiramate dosage was chosen based on other studies [ 50 – 52 ].…”

“…Group 3: the tualang honey (TH) + KA-treated group: rats received Tualang honey (1.0 g/kg body weight; diluted in distilled water) via oral gavage five times every 12 h. The dosage of TH at 1.0 g/ body weight was selected based on the previous studies that demonstrated the protective effect of TH in a model of diabetic animals [ 37 ] and a model of menopause animals [ 38 ] as well as in our previous study [ 48 ].…”

“…TH supplementation also improved the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex morphological impairment in stressed ovariectomized rats [ 43 , 44 ] and reduced the brain oxidative stress and improved memory performances in rats exposed to noise stress [ 45 , 46 ]. Our previous study has demonstrated that TH has attenuated oxidative stress in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and brain stem of KA-induced excitotoxicity rat [ 47 , 48 ] and reduced the neurodegeneration induced by KA in the rat cortex [ 47 ]. These findings led us to hypothesize that the protective effect of TH could be partly attributed to its antioxidant properties.…”

Effect of Mangosteen Extract on Neuroinflammation in Rat Model of Acute Traumatic Brain Injury

“…Alpha mangosteen, xanthone derived from this fruit, will attenuate brain inflammation that induced by peripheral lipopolysaccharide in rats [9]. As other traditional drug, one of the main properties of mangosteen is in reducing oxidative stress [10]. This present study was undertaken to explore the potential effects of mangosteen extract (ME) with the respect of astrogliosis, microglia activation, and malondialdehyde (MDA).…”