Tube expansion and diffusion bonding of 316L stainless steel tube-to-tube sheet joints using a commercial roller tube expander

Haneklaus, Nils; Reuven, Rony; Cionea, Cristian; Hosemann, Peter; Peterson, Per F.

doi:10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2016.03.008

Cited by 23 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In UCB's previous studies [7][8][9][10] of DB joining of thin-walled tubes to tubesheets, the pull-out force during testing was limited, by the small tube cross-sectional area, to approximately 8.7 kN. In the present study, rods were used instead of tubes to allow higher force to be developed on the joint.…”

Section: Setup and Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…where t indicates the tube and s the tubesheet; and is the Poisson's ratio. The heat treatment was conducted in a vacuum furnace at 1000 C for 1000 min, as recommended by Haneklaus et al [9]. A moderate vacuum (approx.…”

Section: Setup and Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and ID: 4.57 mm (0.18 in.)) [7][8][9][10]. This paper specifically describes the experiments on the procedure of using commercial plating techniques to apply a nickel (Ni) interlayer of various thicknesses onto the tubes to support the tube-to-tubesheet tapered interference fits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ni Interlayer to Improve Low-Pressure Diffusion Bonding of 316L SS Press Fit Tube-to-Tubesheet Joints for Coiled Tube Gas Heaters

Reuven

Bolind

Haneklaus

et al. 2017

Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science

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This study suggests a new approach to diffusion bonding (DB) 316L stainless steel: a low-pressure procedure that includes a nickel interlayer. In this approach, relatively lower pressure is applied to the sample before the DB process, in contrast to the usual approach in which higher pressure is applied during the DB process. This new procedure was tested on mock-up 316L stainless steel tube-to-tubesheet joints, which simulated similar joints in coiled-tube heat-exchanger applications. This study confirms that the new procedure meets the overall success criteria, namely, a pull-out force exceeding the force required for tube rupture. It also shows that the DB joint is improved by the use of a Ni interlayer; the joint strength increased by approximately 33% for a 0.25 μm Ni interlayer and by approximately 18% for a 5 μm Ni interlayer. The joint cross sections were qualitatively examined using optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM); the observations suggest that only portions of the interface were diffusion bonded, as a result of the low-pressure procedure and the surface roughness (due to the sample fabrication). The portions that were diffusion bonded, though, were sound, as characterized by the fact that the steel grains grew through the interface line to create a continuous metallographic structure.

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Section: Setup and Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Setup and Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ni Interlayer to Improve Low-Pressure Diffusion Bonding of 316L SS Press Fit Tube-to-Tubesheet Joints for Coiled Tube Gas Heaters

Reuven

Bolind

Haneklaus

et al. 2017

Journal of Nuclear Engineering and Radiation Science

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“…Under these conditions, thermal shock and creep deformation can become an issue. Proposed methods of tube-to-tube sheet connections include different methods of diffusion bonding, including simple diffusion bonding, tube expansion followed by diffusion bonding, and hybrid friction diffusion bonding [38,39]. Further material analysis and creep deformation studies of different tube-to-tube sheet connections will need to be done to determine the best bonding method.…”

Section: Tube Bundle Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coiled Tube Gas Heaters For Nuclear Gas-Brayton Power Conversion

Peterson

2018

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Additionally, THERMOFLEX has the capability of estimating sizes of shell-and-tube heat exchangers, which although are not anticipated for use in our reference design, give an upper bound on component sizes, and are presented in Table 2. The high temperature recuperator requires approximately 14,000 m 2 of surface area given an overall heat transfer coefficient of 500 W/°C•m², which translates to a size of 4.9 by 23.6 m. As mentioned earlier this is about twice or more the size of the other heat exchangers, and also points to the need for a more compact design due to the low overall heat transfer coefficient. Spiral wound heat exchangers have overall heat transfer coefficients in the range of 700-2500 W/°C•m² [3], implying that the calculated volumes (lengths) in Table 2 can be reduced by a factor of 2 to 5. Component HT Recoup LT Recoup Water Cooler U 500.1 525.6 889.7 W/°C•m² A 13,859 6,387 4,299 m² D 4.864 4.22 3.183 m L 23.6 18.28 13.56 m V 438.5 255.7 107.9 m³ A/V 31.6 25.0 39.8 m²/m³ The development of a "high temperature" (700°C) CTGH design was deemed to be impractical due to the low allowable stresses of current code qualified materials at the anticipated operating point conditions. As such, a CTGH design and component sizing for the "medium-high temperature" (550°C) operating conditions appropriate for application to SFR's is being pursued. An "unconstrained" CAD model of the integral power conversion unit (PCU) was created, allowing for design flexibility based on estimated sizes of components. The major constraints imposed are simply the outer diameter of the vessel to maintain rail transportability. Figure 3 depicts the initial PCU design, including the turbomachinery, generator, external ducting with flow paths, recuperators and cooler. More detail will be added, including appropriate sizes for the heat exchangers, flow paths, insulation, etc. during the coming quarter.

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“…Nevertheless, the bonding temperature, time, and pressure during the diffusion bonding process can be reduced by using the interlayer; meanwhile, it can also improve the joint qualities. In order to improve the joint qualities and reduce the bonding parameters, Reuven et al [16][17][18] did a lot of work to join 316L stainless steels by diffusion bonding using electroless nickel plating as interlayer. Tiwari et al [19] studied the effect of nickel nanoparticle (NiNP) interlayer application to diffusion bonding of stainless steel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion Bonding of 9Cr Martensitic/Ferritic Heat-Resistant Steels with an Electrodeposited Ni Interlayer

Gao

Wang

Liu

et al. 2018

Metals

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In this paper, diffusion bonding was adopted to join 9Cr martensitic/ferritic heat-resistant steels using an electrodeposited Ni interlayer with a thickness of 40 μm. In addition, the effect of tempering treatment after diffusion bonding on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of the bonding joints was investigated. It was found that a transition region with face-centered cubic (FCC) structure was formed between the steel and Ni interlayer. The transition region was the solid solution of (γFe,Ni) rich in Ni component, being related to martensite in the base metal by the Kurdjumov–Sachs (K-S) orientation relationship. No intermetallic compounds were detected at the bonding joints before and after tempering treatment. After tempering treatment, the transition region had higher dislocation density than other regions, due to the higher pinning effect of solute atoms acting on the dislocation than that of the matrix. Tensile tests indicated that tempering treatment improved the mechanical properties of the joint, since the samples after tempering treatment fractured in the base metal, whereas the specimens without tempering treatment fractured at the joint interface.

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Tube expansion and diffusion bonding of 316L stainless steel tube-to-tube sheet joints using a commercial roller tube expander

Cited by 23 publications

References 24 publications

Ni Interlayer to Improve Low-Pressure Diffusion Bonding of 316L SS Press Fit Tube-to-Tubesheet Joints for Coiled Tube Gas Heaters

Ni Interlayer to Improve Low-Pressure Diffusion Bonding of 316L SS Press Fit Tube-to-Tubesheet Joints for Coiled Tube Gas Heaters

Coiled Tube Gas Heaters For Nuclear Gas-Brayton Power Conversion

Diffusion Bonding of 9Cr Martensitic/Ferritic Heat-Resistant Steels with an Electrodeposited Ni Interlayer

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