Tube leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay in gastrointestinal (GIT) cancer

Abstract

Tumor-specific immunity to carcinoma of the colon, pancreas and stomach was assayed by tube LAI. Cancers of the colon, pancreas and stomach, were shown to possess organ-type specific neoantigens. In 115 patients with colon cancer, loo%, 75%, 61% with Dukes' A, B and C cancer were LA1 positive, respectively. Even a microfocus of in situ cancer in a colon adenoma was sufficient to stimulate measurable tumor-specific immunity in the host. In Dukes' D cancer, 25% of patients with widespread metastasis were positive, whereas 100% with solitary lesions were positive. Reactive leukocytes from patients with colon cancer did not react to extracts of normal bowel mucosa or villous adenoma from LAI-negative patients. Leukocytes from 19% (3 of 16) of patients with colon adenomas reacted to the extract of colon cancer but not normal colon mucosa. Moreover, the LAI-positive response of the patients with colon adenomas or colon cancer is directed to a colon cancer TSA which is linked to &microglobulin. These studies suggest that some colon adenomas express TSA before morphological evidence of cancer. It is not known if the acquisition of a cell surface TSA is an irreversible step toward unrestrained growth and metastasis. In pancreatic cancer, 100% of patients with cancers less than 5 cm and without metastasis were LA1 positive, whereas 29% were positive when the cancer was >5 cm or had metastasized. In Patients with stomach cancer, 100% with Stage I1 and 46% with Stage I11 and IV cancer were LAI-positive. Leukocytes from patients with other GIT cancers and from patients with inflammatory bowel disease or pancreatitis did not react with extracts of colon, stomach or pancreatic cancer. Leukocytes, from patients with metastatic cancer, usually did not react in the tube LA1 assay because their surfaces were coated in vivo with TSA. LA1 reactivity was present when CEA was not detectable and when CEA levels were elevated LA1 activity was often absent. The present study suggests that the automated tube LA1 shows sufficient promise to warrant studies to determine its efficacy for the diagnosis of GIT cancers.Cancer 43:898-912, 1979.

Blood Markers for Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review

“…75-77). One approach was an inhibition assay of in vitro leukocyte adherence by incubation with tumor antigens, conducted by Tataryn et al (75) and Liu et al (76). In both studies, sensitivity was above 70% for early stages, whereas sensitivity for more advanced stages was lower.…”

Serologic markers in the diagnosis and management of pancreatic carcinoma

“…This observation has been attributed to the presence of large amounts of free tumor-specific antigenic determinants coating the reactive leukocyte leading to the abrogation of LAI responsiveness [40]. Thus, Tataryn and associates [41] found positive results in 100% (4 of 4) of patients with localized disease (< 5 cm), but only 29% (4 of 14) of patients with more widespread disease [41]. While this phenomenon raises the possibility of early tumor detection, ironically it may result in diminished usefulness as a diagnostic aid insofar as localized disease is relatively infrequent in the patient population undergoing evaluation for possible pancreatic cancer.…”

Evaluation of leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) test in primary and secondary hepatic malignancies

“…Most of the methods, viz macrophage migration inhibition, colony inhibition, lymphocytotoxicity test etc, are tedious and time consuming. More recently, leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) has been developed as a simple, rapid, and reliable technique for deterniining cell-mediated immunity to soluble tumor-associated antigens [ 1-31, Leukocyte adherence inhibition has now being tried as a diagnostic tesf in various malignancies, viz breast cancer [3], malignant melanoma [41, gastrointestinal malignancies [ 5 ] , and hepatocellular carcinoma [2,6,71. In the present study the diagnostic value of LA1 was assessed in primary and secondary carcinomas of the liver.…”