Tuber aestivum and Tuber uncinatum: two morphotypes or two species?

Paolocci, Francesco; Rubini, Andrea; Riccioni, Claudia; Topini, Fabiana; Arcioni, Sergio

doi:10.1016/j.femsle.2004.04.029

Cited by 29 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The spatial distribution and ecological requirements of these symbiotic fungi vary by species. Some species are widely distributed and have pronounced morphological and molecular variability (9,11,22,25,27,32), while others have a more restricted distribution and little intraspecific polymorphism in either morphological or genetic traits (3,4,8,9,26). Tuber magnatum Pico, which produces white ascomata, is harvested only in Italy and some countries on the Balkan Peninsula.…”

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confidence: 99%

Genetic and Phylogeographic Structures of the Symbiotic Fungus Tuber magnatum

Rubini

Paolocci

Riccioni

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The quality and market price of truffles vary with the species and, traditionally, the place of origin. The premium species Tuber magnatum produces white truffles and has a patchy distribution restricted to Italy and some Balkan areas. We used polymorphic microsatellites to evaluate 316 specimens grouped into 26 populations sampled across the species' geographic range to determine if natural populations of T. magnatum are genetically differentiated. We found that the southernmost and the northwesternmost populations were significantly differentiated from the rest of the populations. The simple sequence repeat data also could be used to make inferences about the postglacial T. magnatum expansion pattern. This study is the first to identify a genetic and phylogeographic structure in T. magnatum. The presence of a genetic structure can be of practical interest in tracing truffle populations according to their geographic origin for marketing strategies. Evidence for extensive outcrossing in field populations of T. magnatum also is provided for the first time.Tuber spp. are hypogeous ascomycetes that grow in ectomycorrhizal symbioses with some shrub and tree species and produce ascomata, known as truffles. Some truffles are edible and appreciated worldwide. Their quality and market price depend on the species and, traditionally, the place of origin. Natural truffle production has declined dramatically over the past century (12). This decline and the flourishing truffle market have encouraged large-scale programs for growing these fungi through the planting of nursery-produced mycorrhizal trees. These programs have been widely developed for some species, e.g., Tuber melanosporum Vittad. and Tuber uncinatum Chatin, and most of the commercial demand for these truffles is satisfied by these artificial plantations rather than natural field collections (12). How the deliberate introduction of foreign strains into native populations has affected truffle production and biodiversity remains unknown.The complexity of the truffle life cycle, the difficulties of growing these fungi under controlled conditions, and the lack of reliable phenotypic markers to differentiate morphologically similar species have been major obstacles to understanding the distribution, propagation, and fructification of these hypogeous fungi. Molecular markers have been developed to type most of the economically important truffle species (2,10,15,19,23,24,25,33,34), but studies of the environmental and molecular determinants for different portions of the life cycle generally are lacking. The spatial distribution and ecological requirements of these symbiotic fungi vary by species. Some species are widely distributed and have pronounced morphological and molecular variability (9,11,22,25,27,32), while others have a more restricted distribution and little intraspecific polymorphism in either morphological or genetic traits (3,4,8,9,26). Tuber magnatum Pico, which produces white ascomata, is harvested only in Italy and some countries on the Balkan Peninsul...

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confidence: 99%

Genetic and Phylogeographic Structures of the Symbiotic Fungus Tuber magnatum

Rubini

Paolocci

Riccioni

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Sequences were submitted to GeneBank with the following accession numbers: JN975879 and JN975880. Sequences generated in this study were compared with those downloaded from GenBank database obtained from T. aestivum-T. uncinatum and T. mesentericum fruiting bodies of known geographical origin [2,3,5,11,22].…”

Section: Molecular Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…were considered two different species with different geographical distributions, with T. aestivum only growing in the southernmost parts of Europe [1]. Morphological and molecular investigations in the mid 2000s suggested that the two are the same species and hence the older name, T. aestivum, should be used [2,3]. Consequently, T. aestivum has the widest distribution of any of the edible truffles [1], being found from Spain to eastern Europe and from Gotland, Sweden, to North Africa [4] and has a very broad genetic diversity [2,3,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chinese Tuber aestivum sensu lato in Europe

Zambonelli

Iotti²,

Piattoni³

2012

TOMYCJ

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Two specimens of Tuber aestivum sensu lato from China were found between T. aestivum ascomata for sale in Italy. The morphological features of these ascomata were intermediate between those of T. aestivum and Tuber mesentericum. The spores were roundish and smaller than those of T. mesentericum and T. aestivum. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the Chinese specimens are placed in a separate clade to T. aestivum and T. mesentericum. This, together with the supporting morphological differences, strongly suggests that the two Chinese truffles are a separate taxon.

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“…This has led to the development of controls for commercial fraud in the truffle market as well as inoculated host seedlings. In recent years, several studies have focused on truffle phylogeny using several loci, and these have allowed the main species to be clearly defined (15,31,36,(51)(52)(53)56). As an example, Wang et al (51,52) investigated the European and Asian truffle phylogeny by sequencing several genomic loci.…”

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“…These authors confirmed that T. melanosporum is phylogenetically related to T. indicum, while T. magnatum is related to T. mesentericum and T. aestivum. The intraspecific ITS variability in T. magnatum, T. melanosporum, T. mesentericum, T. aestivum, and T. indicum has been widely investigated (31,35,36,(51)(52)(53)56), and it has been revealed that the most expensive species (T. magnatum and T. melanosporum) have a low level of ITS variability. On the other hand, T. mesentericum, T. aestivum, and T. indicum showed a higher diversity level.…”

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confidence: 99%

Identification of Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequence Motifs in Truffles: a First Step toward Their DNA Bar Coding

Karkouri

Murat

Zampieri

et al. 2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

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This work presents DNA sequence motifs from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the nuclear rRNA repeat unit which are useful for the identification of five European and Asiatic truffles (Tuber magnatum, T. melanosporum, T. indicum, T. aestivum, and T. mesentericum). Truffles are edible mycorrhizal ascomycetes that show similar morphological characteristics but that have distinct organoleptic and economic values. A total of 36 out of 46 ITS1 or ITS2 sequence motifs have allowed an accurate in silico distinction of the five truffles to be made (i.e., by pattern matching and/or BLAST analysis on downloaded GenBank sequences and directly against GenBank databases). The motifs considered the intraspecific genetic variability of each species, including rare haplotypes, and assigned their respective species from either the ascocarps or ectomycorrhizas. The data indicate that short ITS1 or ITS2 motifs (<50 bp in size) can be considered promising tools for truffle species identification. A dot blot hybridization analysis of T. magnatum and T. melanosporum compared with other close relatives or distant lineages allowed at least one highly specific motif to be identified for each species. These results were confirmed in a blind test which included new field isolates. The current work has provided a reliable new tool for a truffle oligonucleotide bar code and identification in ecological and evolutionary studies.The internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear rRNA repeat units have frequently been used to identify fungal species in fields (9,11,14,20). The emergence of sequence-based identification with a BLAST similarity search connected to public databases (1, 25) has resolved several experimental and taxonomic constraints. However, generalized databases can contain either misidentified or misannotated sequences (7,17,23,24). In addition, BLAST outcomes give no information about species delimitation for closely related species. The identification of unknown ITS sequences based on these approaches therefore needs to be supported by phylogenetic analysis (19,20).At the same time, the ITS offers sequence motifs that are useful for the development of fungal DNA bar coding. This is a technique that uses short DNA sequences from a standard-

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Tuber aestivum and Tuber uncinatum: two morphotypes or two species?

Cited by 29 publications

References 25 publications

Genetic and Phylogeographic Structures of the Symbiotic Fungus Tuber magnatum

Genetic and Phylogeographic Structures of the Symbiotic Fungus Tuber magnatum

Chinese Tuber aestivum sensu lato in Europe

Identification of Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequence Motifs in Truffles: a First Step toward Their DNA Bar Coding

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