Introduction. Tuberculosis is a public health problem in Madagascar. In spite of implementation by the National Program against tuberculosis in Madagascar of Directly Observed Treatment Short Course strategy, there are patients who remain or become again with tuberculosis. They are more suspect to develop multidrug resistance. Patients and methods. This study is retrospective, spreading for 4 years (01/01/08 - 31/12/11) and get goal to report epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical, therapy and evolution aspects of retreatment cases carried out in the Pulmonology Unit of CHU Mahajanga, Madagascar in order to improve management of tuberculosis. Results. During this period, the retreatment cases are 6.67% of notified tuberculosis. The median age was 46.04 years ± 1.89 (range: 20-78), and sex-ratio 3. History of contact with tuberculosis patient was found in 36.54% and 59.62% were alcoholic and smokers. The clinical signs weren’t different of the usual features of tuberculosis. Smear-positive tuberculosis was 96.16% with 70% (n=35/50) relapse, 16% (n=8/50) treatment after default and 14% (n=7/50) treatment after failure. Multidrugs resistant were 0.64% of notified tuberculosis, 9.62% of retreatment and 17.86% of culture-positive. The Chest X-ray found cavitary disease in 57.68%. The diagnosis was late 3.92 months. All of them are HIV seronegative. The treatment with 2SEHRZ/6EHRZ can afford us to obtain 69.23% cured. The death-rate was 3.85%. Conclusion. Early treatment and well manage allows us to improve management of tuberculosis and to avoid the emergence of multidrug- resistant.