Tuberculosis and HIV coinfection in Europe

Werf, Marieke J. van der; Ködmön, Csaba; Zucs, P; Hollo, Vahur; Amato‐Gauci, Andrew J.; Pharris, Anastasia

doi:10.1097/qad.0000000000001252

Cited by 28 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…A high rate of TB/HIV co-infection was also observed in patients <15 years of age. This is in contrast to several studies that have shown TB/HIV coinfection rates to be higher in persons aged 25–45 years [ 10 , 21 , 22 ] representing the sexually active age group. The high prevalence in persons <15 years could imply early indulgence in sexual activities by this age group in the study districts but this needs to be thoroughly investigated.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

The burden of HIV on Tuberculosis patients in the Volta region of Ghana from 2012 to 2015: implication for Tuberculosis control

et al. 2017

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BackgroundThe impact of HIV on TB, and the implications for TB control, has been acknowledged as a public health challenge. It is imperative therefore to assess the burden of HIV on TB patients as an indicator for monitoring the control efforts of the two diseases in this part of the world. This study aimed at determining the burden of HIV infection in TB patients.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of TB registers in five districts of the Volta Region of Ghana. Prevalence of TB/HIV co-infection was determined. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to identify the predictors of HIV infection among TB patients and statistical significance was set at p-value <0.05.ResultsOf the 1772 TB patients, 1633 (92.2%) were tested for HIV. The overall prevalence of TB/HIV co-infection was (18.2%; 95% CI: 16.4–20.1). The prevalence was significantly higher among females (24.1%; 95%CI: 20.8–27.7), compared to males (15.1%; 95% CI: 13.1–17.4) (p < 0.001) and among children <15 years of age (27.0%; 95% CI: 18.2–38.1), compared to the elderly ≥70 years (3.5%; 95% CI: 1.6–7.4) (p < 0.001). Treatment success rate was higher among patients with only TB (90%; 95% CI: 88.1–91.5) than among TB/HIV co-infected patients (77.0%; 95% CI: 71.7–81.7) (p < 0.001). Independent predictors of HIV infection were found to be: being female (AOR: 1.79; 95% CI: 1.38–2.13; p < 0.001); smear negative pulmonary TB (AOR: 1.84; 95% CI: 1.37–2.47; p < 0.001); and patients registered in Hohoe, Kadjebi, and Kpando districts with adjusted odds ratios of 1.69 (95% CI: 1.13–2.54; p = 0.011), 2.29 (95% CI: 1.46–3.57; p < 0.001), and 2.15 (95% CI: 1.44–3.21; p < 0.001) respectively. Patients ≥70 years of age and those registered in Keta Municipal were less likely to be HIV positive with odds ratios of 0.09 (95% CI: 0.04–0.26; p < 0.001) and 0.62 (95% CI: 0.38–0.99; p = 0.047) respectively.ConclusionTB/HIV co-infection rate in five study districts of the Volta region is quite high, occurs more frequently in female patients than males; among smear negative pulmonary TB patients, and children <15 years of age. Findings also demonstrate that HIV co-infection affects TB treatment outcomes adversely. Strengthening the TB/HIV collaborative efforts is required in order to reduce the burden of co-infection in patients.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

The burden of HIV on Tuberculosis patients in the Volta region of Ghana from 2012 to 2015: implication for Tuberculosis control

et al. 2017

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“…According to the sub-group analysis, the HIV infection rate among TB patients was highest among children under 15 years of age (30.1%) followed by people between 25 and 44 years. This finding is consistent with previous finding from the same study region [26] and that of other reports that have shown higher rate in persons aged 26-45 years who represent the sexually active age group [31,32]. Contrary to the previous report [26] however, males had the highest TB/HIV coinfection rate (30.6%) compared to 17.9% among females in this study.…”

Section: Hiv Test Among Tb Patients and Tb/hiv Co-infection Ratesupporting

confidence: 92%

Trends of tuberculosis case detection, mortality and co-infection with HIV in Ghana: A retrospective cohort study

2020

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Background In an era of renewed commitment to accelerate the declines in Tuberculosis (TB) incidence and mortality, there is the need for National Tuberculosis Programmes (NTPs) to monitor trends in key indicators across a geographical location and to provide reliable data for direct measurement of TB incidence and mortality. In this context, we explored the trends of TB case detection, mortality and HIV co-infection, and examined the predictors of TB deaths in Ten districts of the Volta region of Ghana. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all TB cases registered from 2013 to 2017 in 10 districts of the Volta Region of Ghana. Case detection rate (CDR) was computed as the ratio of the number of new and relapse TB case notified to NTP to the number of estimated incident TB cases in a given year. Case fatality rates were estimated using data from 2012-2016 cohort of TB patients. Simple and multiple logistic regression were used to identify predictors of TB deaths with odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals estimated. Results Overall, there were 3,735 new and relapse TB patients who commenced anti-TB treatment during the period, representing the case detection rate of 40.1% with district variations. The CDR remained stable during the 5 years. Of the total cases, HIV status was documented for 3,144 (84.2%), among whom, 712 (22.6%) were HIV positive. The TB/HIV co-infection was more prevalent among children under 15 years of age (30.1%), males (30.6%), treatment after lost to follow-up patients (33.3%), and smear-negative pulmonary TB patients (29.1%). The prevalence of TB/HIV co-infection did not significantly change over the years. The overall case fatality rate was 13% (n = 486), with considerable variation among HIV-positives and HIV-negative TB patients (21.8% and 11% respectively) (p<0.001) and among districts.

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“…Nas evidências alcançadas percebeu-se que, apesar de muitos casos com AIDS, há uma notificação substancial de casos de TB pulmonar. Resultados semelhantes foram encontrados em outros estudos [21][22][23][24][25] , porém a forma extrapulmonar é comumente em PVHA, tendo em vista, que em imunodeprimidos os bacilos adentram à corrente sanguínea e espalham-se por outros órgãos 26 . Desta forma, torna-se necessário o desempenho de medidas educativas que incentivem a adesão ao tratamento do HIV/Aids, a fim de manter adequada a contagem das células de defesa, Linfócitos CD4+.…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Casos de tuberculose coinfectados por HIV em um estado do nordeste brasileiro

Marques

Medeiros

Sousa

et al. 2019

Revenf

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RESUMENEl objetivo de este estúdio fue caracterizar los casos notificados de Tuberculosis coinfectados por el Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida en Río Grande del Norte, estado del noreste brasileño. Se trata de un estudio ecológico, retrospectivo, basado en datos de notificaciones del Sistema de Información de Agravios de Notificación entre los años 2001 y 2015. Los datos fueron presentados en gráficos, imagen y tablas y analizados a partir de estudios actuales sobre la temática. Se observó un aumento en el número de casos durante el período analizado. Prevaleció casos confirmados del sexo masculino (75,28%), de personas entre 20 y 39 años (55,63%), que presentaron la forma pulmonar de tuberculosis (71,62%), desarrollaron SIDA (91,27%) e ingresaron en el servicio en la situación de caso nuevo (73,80%). Se observó una cantidad elevada de datos ignorados, como ejemplo, las variables drogas ilícitas (88,82%) y tabaquismo (89,52%). Se concluye que los hallazgos indican el aumento en el número de coinfecciones y una preocupación por la completitud de los datos durante las notificaciones. ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to characterize the reported cases of Tuberculosis coinfected with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Virus in Rio Grande do Norte, state of northeastern Brazil. This is an ecological, retrospective study based on notification data from the Notification Grievance Information System between 2001 and 2015. The data were presented in graphs, images and tables and analyzed from current studies on the subject. There was an increase in the number of cases during the period analyzed. Prevalence of confirmed male cases (75.28%), between 20 and 39 years old (55.63%), who had the pulmonary form of tuberculosis (71.62%), developed AIDS (91.27%) and entered the service in the new case situation (73.80%). A high amount of ignored data was observed, for example, the variables illicit drugs (88.82%) and smoking (89.52%). It is concluded that the findings indicate the increase in the number of coinfections and a concern for the completeness of the data during the notifications.

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Tuberculosis and HIV coinfection in Europe

Cited by 28 publications

References 28 publications

The burden of HIV on Tuberculosis patients in the Volta region of Ghana from 2012 to 2015: implication for Tuberculosis control

The burden of HIV on Tuberculosis patients in the Volta region of Ghana from 2012 to 2015: implication for Tuberculosis control

Trends of tuberculosis case detection, mortality and co-infection with HIV in Ghana: A retrospective cohort study

Casos de tuberculose coinfectados por HIV em um estado do nordeste brasileiro

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