Tuberculosis and Leprosy Coinfection: A Perspective on Diagnosis and Treatment

Mangum, Lisa; Kilpatrick, Dustin; Stryjewska, Barbara M.; Sampath, Rahul

doi:10.1093/ofid/ofy133

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…32 This observation supported a potential function of rs17855750 and might partially explain the low frequent co-infection of leprosy and tuberculosis in clinical practice. [33][34][35][36] We also found an experiment-wide (p < 3.38 × 10 −3 ) significant hit rs45507693 (p.A106T) of IL1RN and a marginally significant (p = 3.45 × 10 −3 ) variant rs3917322 in 3'-UTR of IL1R1 that increase leprosy risk, indicating a potentially active role of the IL1-mediated signaling pathway in leprosy. This finding has not been highlighted in previous studies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Mapping leprosy‐associated coding variants of interleukin genes by targeted sequencing

Zheng

et al. 2021

Clinical Genetics

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Previous genotyping-based assays have identified non-coding variants of several interleukins (ILs) being associated with genetic susceptibility to leprosy. However, understanding of the involvement of coding variants within all IL family genes in leprosy was still limited. To obtain the full mutation spectrum of all ILs in leprosy, we performed a targeted deep sequencing of coding regions of 58 ILs genes in 798 leprosy patients (age 56.2 ± 14.4; female 31.5%) and 990 healthy controls (age 38.1 ± 14.0; female 44.3%) from Yunnan, Southwest China. mRNA expression alterations of ILs in leprosy skin lesions or in response to M. leprae treatment were estimated by using publicly available expression datasets. Two coding variants in IL27 (rs17855750, p.S59A, p = 4.02 × 10 −8 , odds ratio [OR] = 1.748) and IL1RN (rs45507693, p.A106T, p = 1.45 × 10 −5 , OR = 3.629) were significantly associated with leprosy risk. mRNA levels of IL27 and IL1RN were upregulated in whole blood cells after M. leprae stimulation. These data showed that IL27 and IL1RN are leprosy risk genes.Further functional study is required for characterizing the exact role of ILs in leprosy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Mapping leprosy‐associated coding variants of interleukin genes by targeted sequencing

Zheng

et al. 2021

Clinical Genetics

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“…Leprosy, a disease caused by M. leprae has similar geographic endemicity as TB. A total of 14 adult co-infected cases have been published to date (180). There is no clear consensus on whether prior exposure to one mycobacteria offers protection or predisposition to the other, but several authors have suggested that impaired cell mediated immunity in patients with multibacillary leprosy may predispose them to TB co-infection (181, 182).…”

Section: Leprosymentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the Complex Relationship Between Tuberculosis and Other Infectious Diseases in Children

et al. 2019

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Millions of children are exposed to tuberculosis (TB) each year, many of which become infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis . Most children can immunologically contain or eradicate the organism without pathology developing. However, in a minority, the organism overcomes the immunological constraints, proliferates and causes TB disease. Each year a million children develop TB disease, with a quarter dying. While it is known that young children and those with immunodeficiencies are at increased risk of progression from TB infection to TB disease, our understanding of risk factors for this transition is limited. The most immunologically disruptive process that can happen during childhood is infection with another pathogen and yet the impact of co-infections on TB risk is poorly investigated. Many diseases have overlapping geographical distributions to TB and affect similar patient populations. It is therefore likely that infection with viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoa may impact on the risk of developing TB disease following exposure and infection, although disentangling correlation and causation is challenging. As vaccinations also disrupt immunological pathways, these may also impact on TB risk. In this article we describe the pediatric immune response to M. tuberculosis and then review the existing evidence of the impact of co-infection with other pathogens, as well as vaccination, on the host response to M. tuberculosis . We focus on the impact of other organisms on the risk of TB disease in children, in particularly evaluating if co-infections drive host immune responses in an age-dependent way. We finally propose priorities for future research in this field. An improved understanding of the impact of co-infections on TB could assist in TB control strategies, vaccine development (for TB vaccines or vaccines for other organisms), TB treatment approaches and TB diagnostics.

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“…The selected articles -according to the established eligibility criteria -, and analyzed, after completing the review phases, are presented in Tables 1 and 2. All were case report studies; one of the articles was a case series, in a total of 18 patients [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co-infection leprosy and tuberculosis: a systematic review

Trindade

Mendes²,

Martins

et al. 2021

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Leprosy and tuberculosis are endemic in several countries. The aim of this study was to describe factors associated with co-infection among both diseases. A systematic review was carried out, following the Quality of Reporting of Meta-analyses, with the PubMed and Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) portals as sources, under eligibility criteria: cross-sectional, cohort, case-control studies or case reports, published in Portuguese, English, French and Spanish, from 2015 to 2020. Studies that dealt with leprosy and tuberculosis not in the context of co-infection were excluded. The initial phase resulted in 1079 articles; 13 went on to a final stage. All were case reports. Thirteen (72.2%) participants were male, aged between 17 and 72 years. Life habits were found in 8 (44.4%) of the articles: 1 (12.5%) reported chronic alcoholism, 1 (12.5%) reported chronic smoking and alcoholism and 1(12.5%) reported chronic smoking, alcoholism and use of illicit drugs. Pathological history was mentioned by 14 (77.8%) patients; 1 (7.1%) reported HIV/AIDS. Three patients (16.6%) described previous history of tuberculosis and/or leprosy. Seven (38.9%) participants reported vaccination with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin. The pulmonary form of tuberculosis predominated and one third of the patients presented resistance to, at least, one tuberculostatic. All cases had multibacillary leprosy. The study did not highlight any comorbidity, and there was no change in the course of the conditions owing to co-infection.

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Tuberculosis and Leprosy Coinfection: A Perspective on Diagnosis and Treatment

Cited by 15 publications

References 13 publications

Mapping leprosy‐associated coding variants of interleukin genes by targeted sequencing

Mapping leprosy‐associated coding variants of interleukin genes by targeted sequencing

Examining the Complex Relationship Between Tuberculosis and Other Infectious Diseases in Children

Co-infection leprosy and tuberculosis: a systematic review

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