Tuberculosis and migration: a review

Kronfol, Nabil M.; Mansour, Ziad

doi:10.26719/2013.19.8.739

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…154,155 National policies should adopt an overall health promotion approach for migrants by avoiding stigma, discrimination, restrictions to travel and deportation for those affected by TB without appropriate access to treatment. 79,156,157 Bold policy implementation that allows for undocumented migrants to receive health care without notification to immigration authorities can create enabling conditions to ensure TB treatment for all, regardless of status. 128 Innovative community-based solutions should be designed for undocumented migrants to overcome legal and administrative barriers for TB treatment and care as an integral part of national TB policies.…”

Section: Pillar One: Migrant-sensitive Care and Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of tuberculosis and migration

Dhavan

Dias

Creswell³

et al. 2017

int j tuberc lung dis

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With nearly one billion migrants worldwide, migration is both a dynamic and a divisive phenomenon facing the world today. Migrants are a heterogeneous group, and the conditions surrounding migration pathways often pose risks to the physical, mental and social well-being of migrants, with certain subgroups being more vulnerable than others. Several determinants of health and tuberculosis (TB) interplay to increase the vulnerability of migrants to tuberculous infection, TB disease and poor treatment outcomes, making them a key population for TB. This article is the first in the State-of-the-Art series of the International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease on TB and migration. It provides an overview of migration trends, migration pathways and social determinants, and impact on TB. This article outlines a framework for the prevention and reduction of the TB burden among migrants, adapted from the World Health Organization's End TB Strategy, and in accordance with the Stop TB Partnership's Global Plan and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) agenda. The framework highlights the need for migrant-inclusive national TB plans, and calls for action across all three pillars of the End TB Strategy for migrant-sensitive care and prevention, bold intersectoral policies and systems supportive of migrants, and operational research. More research is needed on the TB burden and challenges faced by migrants and on the feasibility and effectiveness of approaches proposed here and the scaling up of models already underway. Political commitment at the highest national and international levels will be critical to intensify action for promoting the health of migrants on the road to achieving the end TB targets.

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Section: Pillar One: Migrant-sensitive Care and Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of tuberculosis and migration

Dhavan

Dias

Creswell³

et al. 2017

int j tuberc lung dis

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“…Data from seven government registries of known international migrant worker populations from the Asian region may provide an insight into the volume and dynamics of HAs for international labor migrants ( Table 1 ). All migrant workers intending to work in Countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), such as Qatar and Saudi Arabia, are required to undertake an HA at designated GCC clinics/panels in their countries of origin, with most requiring a follow-up examination after arrival [ 7 ].…”

Section: Challenge Of Estimating the Magnitude Of Has World-widementioning

confidence: 99%

“…HAs are very common in sectors that largely recruit migrant laborers, such as domestic maids and construction workers [ 13 ]. A number of countries require migrant workers to undertake an on-arrival medical exam and follow-up exams at regular intervals as a condition for maintaining their work and residency permit [ 7 , 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Diversity In Ha Models and Diseases Screenedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Failure results in revoking of employment permission and exit from country. In Oman, expatriates developing TB during their stay in the country are deported after conversion to smear-negative, in what is referred to as “the repatriation policy” [ 7 ]. Such policies have been viewed by analysts as a possible barrier to early detection and effective treatment of expatriates insofar as it may stigmatize patients and induce them to avoid public health services [ 21 ].…”

Section: Non-admissibility: Those Who “Fail”mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Can Migration Health Assessments Become a Mechanism for Global Public Health Good?

Wickramage

Mosca

2014

IJERPH

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Migrant health assessments (HAs) consist of a medical examination to assess a migrant’s health status and to provide medical clearance for work or residency based on conditions defined by the destination country and/or employer. We argue that better linkages between health systems and migrant HA processors at the country level are needed to shift these from being limited as an instrument of determining non-admissibility for purposes of visa issuance, to a process that may enhance public health. The importance of providing appropriate care and follow-up of migrants who “fail” their HA and the need for global efforts to enable data-collection and research on HAs are also highlighted.

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“…7 Some countries in the Middle-Eastern region such as Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain and Jordan impose both pre-departure and upon-arrival health examinations for temporary migrant workers arriving to their country. 19 Differing country specific priorities on TB control, weak health systems, limited political support and technical capacity and financial constraints may be some of the reasons for non-establishment of immigrant health assessment systems in countries experiencing high volumes of migrants from high TB incidence countries, especially in the developing world.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The challenge of establishing an evidence-based and migrant sensitive approach to tuberculosis screening of inbound migrants to Sri Lanka

Samaraweera

Wickramage

2014

Sri Lankan J Infec Dis

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Limited attention has been made by countries of 'new immigration' to define an immigration medical examination requirement of inbound migrant flows. Importation of TB through inbound migration routes have been a largely neglected strategy in TB control in Sri Lanka despite increasing migrant flows from endemic regions. We contend that establishing a health assessment for those long stay resident visa applicants to Sri Lanka may be useful in mitigating the spread of TB. However the approach should harness a 'rights based' approach to health assessment, and also be linked to the national health system. In this way the assessment becomes a vital mechanism for global public health good rather than be perceived as a tool for discrimination or immigration control. Migrants need to be included in national and global TB control strategies, especially since mobility is a key feature of the post-2015 Millennium Development Goals agenda.

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Tuberculosis and migration: a review

Cited by 10 publications

References 44 publications

An overview of tuberculosis and migration

An overview of tuberculosis and migration

Can Migration Health Assessments Become a Mechanism for Global Public Health Good?

The challenge of establishing an evidence-based and migrant sensitive approach to tuberculosis screening of inbound migrants to Sri Lanka

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