Tuberculosis and the risk of infection with other intracellular bacteria: a population-based study

Huamán, Moisés A.; Fiske, Christina T.; Jones, Timothy F.; Warkentin, Jon; Shepherd, Bryan E.; Ingram, L. Amanda; Maruri, Fernanda

doi:10.1017/s0950268814002131

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…However, an American population-based study found no difference in the risk of the ICBIs Salmonella spp, Yersinia spp, and Listeria monocytogenes in persons who developed TB vs. those in the general population, and found there were actually fewer Chlamydia trachomatis infections observed within the first year post-TB diagnosis compared to the non-TB population. Extrapulmonary TB was linked to a higher rate of salmonella infections compared to pulmonary TB but all 8 patients with salmonellosis and TB were also HIV co-infected (158).…”

Section: Other Important Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the Complex Relationship Between Tuberculosis and Other Infectious Diseases in Children

et al. 2019

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Millions of children are exposed to tuberculosis (TB) each year, many of which become infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis . Most children can immunologically contain or eradicate the organism without pathology developing. However, in a minority, the organism overcomes the immunological constraints, proliferates and causes TB disease. Each year a million children develop TB disease, with a quarter dying. While it is known that young children and those with immunodeficiencies are at increased risk of progression from TB infection to TB disease, our understanding of risk factors for this transition is limited. The most immunologically disruptive process that can happen during childhood is infection with another pathogen and yet the impact of co-infections on TB risk is poorly investigated. Many diseases have overlapping geographical distributions to TB and affect similar patient populations. It is therefore likely that infection with viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoa may impact on the risk of developing TB disease following exposure and infection, although disentangling correlation and causation is challenging. As vaccinations also disrupt immunological pathways, these may also impact on TB risk. In this article we describe the pediatric immune response to M. tuberculosis and then review the existing evidence of the impact of co-infection with other pathogens, as well as vaccination, on the host response to M. tuberculosis . We focus on the impact of other organisms on the risk of TB disease in children, in particularly evaluating if co-infections drive host immune responses in an age-dependent way. We finally propose priorities for future research in this field. An improved understanding of the impact of co-infections on TB could assist in TB control strategies, vaccine development (for TB vaccines or vaccines for other organisms), TB treatment approaches and TB diagnostics.

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Section: Other Important Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the Complex Relationship Between Tuberculosis and Other Infectious Diseases in Children

et al. 2019

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“…There are a number of systems used to classify the responses, the Ryan system published in 2005 being that used by the American College of Pathologists (Table 1) [14]. Other factors have been studied which may also help forecast the survival of patients and help determine the best treatment [15][16][17][18][19]. Some of these are pathological such as lympho-vascular invasion and perineural infiltration while others are clinical factors such as the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) [15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other factors have been studied which may also help forecast the survival of patients and help determine the best treatment [15][16][17][18][19]. Some of these are pathological such as lympho-vascular invasion and perineural infiltration while others are clinical factors such as the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) [15][16][17]. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of the response (pCR) in survival of the patients with locally advanced rectal carcinoma treated with surgery and neoadjuvant chemo-radiotherapy and the pattern of recurrence in this subgroup of patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of the complete pathological response in rectal cancer: Value as a prognostic factor

Caravaca¹,

Juez-Martel²,

De-Torres-Olombrada³

et al. 2018

Endoprosthetic Total Scapula Replacement Versus Suspension Arthroplasty Following Tumor Resection

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To study the effect of the pathologic complete response (pCR) on the survival of patients treated with surgery and neoadjuvant chemo-radiotherapy in locally advanced non-metastatic rectal carcinoma (LARC). Materials and methodology We underwent an observational retrospective analysis of cohorts. The recruitment was carried out by means of non-probabilistic consecutive inclusion of patients with rectal cancer treated between January 2009 and December 2016 with surgery and neoadjuvant chemo-radiotherapy. The patients recruited had been diagnosed with locally advanced non-metastatic rectal cancer. cT3-4 o N+. based on the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 2010. with histological confirmation of adenocarcinoma and no treatment with induction chemotherapy. The pathologic response was calibrated in accordance with the Ryan system. Survival was calculated with multivariate Cox regression analysis Results Pathologic complete response was reached by 19.2% Patients. The disease free survival was significantly lower in the no pathologic complete response (HR 0.099. p value 0.025). The progression in the group of patients with pathological complete response occurred in only one patient and have local and distal component compared to 39 patients in no pCR 21.2% distant metastases and 3.8% locally relapse. Perineural invasion and adjuvant chemotherapy were also significatly associated with disease free survival Conclusions The pathological complete response is a good prognosis factor in patients treated with surgery and nCRT in LARC with distal and local relapse. Perineural invasion and adjuvant chemotherapy were also good prognostic factors.

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“…Persons who develop tuberculosis may have subtle immune defects that could predispose them to other intracellular bacterial infections in the same patient. 22 The susceptibility to tuberculosis is considered to be genetically inherited. 23 24 It has been a common experience of the author as well as many clinicians that patients, especially children, who are prone to recurrent upper and lower respiratory affections, often have a family history of Tuberculosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Randomised, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled, Multi-Centric Clinical Trial of Ultra-Diluted Mycobacterium tuberculosis Nosode (Emtact 30c) in the Management of Recurrent Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract Affections

Shaik¹,

Singh²,

Talele

et al. 2023

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Introduction Due to the rising incidence of respiratory infections, numerous interventions are being tried as preventive/therapeutic alternatives. The Emtact 30c is a polyvalent nosode prepared from various strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis organisms. The objective of this clinical trial was to investigate the efficacy of Emtact 30c by measuring the reduction in frequency, severity of episodes and relief in recurrent upper/lower respiratory tract (URT/LRT) affections. Method A double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial was carried out on 148 patients in a 1:1 allocation ratio. Patients satisfying inclusion/ exclusion criteria were randomised to receive either placebo or Emtact 30c administered thrice daily for 6 months. Result There was a significant reduction in symptoms like nasal blockage, sneezing, watery nasal discharge, disturbed sleep and bothersomeness in the Emtact-treated arm. A significant decrease in symptoms (nose block) was observed in Emtact-arm (p < 0.001). The parameters that showed significant improvement in Emtact-arm were sleep (p = 0.0084), mood/thinking ability (p = 0.028) and bothersomeness (p = 0.0499). The marked effect on appetite was favourable in Emtact-arm (p = 0.0078). There was a decrease in weight in the placebo arm, while the Emtact- arm had weight gain. An improvement in haemoglobin and lymphocytes was an important outcome of this study. The trial has shown that Emtact has reduced the symptoms and severity of URT and LRT affections. Conclusion Emtact may be used as a safe and efficacious alternative to treat URT and LRT affections. More studies evaluating mechanisms at biochemical and molecular levels would help.

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Tuberculosis and the risk of infection with other intracellular bacteria: a population-based study

Cited by 11 publications

References 42 publications

Examining the Complex Relationship Between Tuberculosis and Other Infectious Diseases in Children

Examining the Complex Relationship Between Tuberculosis and Other Infectious Diseases in Children

Role of the complete pathological response in rectal cancer: Value as a prognostic factor

A Randomised, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled, Multi-Centric Clinical Trial of Ultra-Diluted Mycobacterium tuberculosis Nosode (Emtact 30c) in the Management of Recurrent Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract Affections

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