Tuberculosis-Candida Co-Infection in Patients having Pulmonary Tuberculosis Attending DOTs Clinic in Rumuigbo Model Primary Health Centre in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Huldah, Hanson, Asikiya; Enoch, Amala Smart; Wokem, G. N.

doi:10.9734/ijtdh/2019/v35i230118

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Aetiological co-infection is a simultaneous infection of a host infection niche by more than one disease causing agent (Hanson et al, 2019). This trend in humans has been ignored or unknown and seems to be increasing every passing day.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of course, where the molecular and phenotypic communications are overly positive, the strength of a disease progression is enhanced as opposed to a negative interaction (Kapitan et al, 2019, Peleg et al, 2010, Todd et al, 2019, Eichelberger and Cassat, 2021. However, negative interactions may also present adverse effects depending on the signaling capacity, amount and potency of bi-products produced (Hanson et al, 2019, Casadevall and Pirofski, 2003, Matsuo et al, 2019.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fungal-Bacterial Di-Kingdom Microbial Communities Associated with Chronic Pulmonary Disease

Njovu,

Akatuhumuriza,

Mumbere

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Fungal-bacterial co-colonization and co-infections are emerging among TB-suspected patients, yet the underlying mechanisms that enable and arise from their interactions are poorly understood. Understanding how environmental microbes such as fungi and bacteria co-evolve and develop traits to evade host immune responses and resist treatment is critical to controlling opportunistic co-infections. Our previous work has demonstrated that fungal-bacterial interactions can have dramatic impacts on fungal pathogenesis and drug resistance. Here, we, therefore, hypothesize that cross-kingdom synergistic interactions between environmental fungi and bacteria may influence both fungal and bacterial virulence, antimicrobial resistance patterns and aetiology. Through this, we aimed to establish the prevalence of fungal–bacterial microbial communities associated with chronic primary or opportunistic pulmonary infections. Concordantly, through surveilling 302 clinical samples from 151 patients, we established the prevalence of TB (0.7%) to be lower than that of fungi (1.3%) and non-TB bacterial (4.6%) mono-aetiologies Figure 2. However, our main observation was the unexpected taxonomic diversity with a striking twist of fungal-bacterial di-kingdom aetiological conformities. Interestingly, the majority of the patients presented with at least a di or mono-kingdom aetiological pairings. Importantly, fungi and non-TB bacteria formerly regarded as atypical opportunists are now frequently isolated as possible aetiology for chronic pulmonary infection. Hence, we revealed many di-kingdom aetiological pairings here but their significance remains a question of further examination. Among which Acremonium spp + K. pneumoniae (n=5), Acremonium spp +Streptococcus pneumoniae (n=4), Acremonium spp + C. albicans + K. pneumoniae (n=3) were among the most dominant aetiological pairings observed. Interestingly, Acremonium spp + K. pneumoniae pairings were also seen to be the most commonly associated with pulmonary TB both during and after treatment. Isolation from the same infection niche as seen here calls for further investigations into any interaction signatures that may exist between these organisms. Taken together, our data suggest that fungal-bacterial co-existence may influence their virulence attributes and antimicrobial resistance patterns, with relevance to patient outcomes. Therefore, our data reveals an array of fungal-bacterial pairings that may influence the prognosis of chronic pulmonary disease. Importantly, suggesting that the diversity of pulmonary infective fungi and bacteria, and their complex population structures may pose challenges to the analysis and interpretation of conventional data. Thus, there is a need to redirect our diagnostic approaches to encompass polymicrobial aetiology in order to enhance our suspicion index for better management of opportunistic fungal-bacterial co-infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal-Bacterial Di-Kingdom Microbial Communities Associated with Chronic Pulmonary Disease

Njovu,

Akatuhumuriza,

Mumbere

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Candida coinfection among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Asia and Africa; A systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies

Hadadi‐Fishani

Shakerimoghaddam

Khaledi

2020

Microbial Pathogenesis

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Invasive candidiasis in Africa, what is the current picture?

Okoye

Nweze

Ibe

2022

Pathogens and Disease

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Invasive candidiasis is a serious, progressive, and potentially deadly infection that can affect the brain, heart, bones, eyes, and other parts of the body. It is associated with risk factors such as the use of indwelling medical devices and prolonged hospital stay, and broad-spectrum antibiotics use. It is especially seen in immunocompromised individuals such as patients with prolonged hospital stay, gastrointestinal surgery, haematological malignancies, and respiratory diseases. We have conducted a systematic search of literature using a select group of database and appropriate search words and found that in Africa, there are 18,293 documented/reported cases of invasive candidiasis in the last few decades (1976-2021) and 16,636(91%) were cases of candidaemia. South Africa had the highest number of reported cases – 15,002(82%), which may be due to underreporting of cases in other countries. HIV positive persons with invasive candidiasis in Africa accounted for 1,052(5.8%). C. albicans was the most frequently isolated species 6,328(32.6%), followed by Candida parapsilosis 5,910(30.4%), and Candida auris 1,505(7.8%). Due to the affordability and availability of blood culture, it was used for diagnosis in most of the studies examined, while a few studies combined other techniques and just 3 studies from 2 countries used serological tests. Echinocandins are recommended as first-line therapy but are only available in 12 countries and are highly priced. The use of fluconazole because of its availability and relatively inexpensive nature has led to increased resistance of Candida species to the drug.

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Tuberculosis-Candida Co-Infection in Patients having Pulmonary Tuberculosis Attending DOTs Clinic in Rumuigbo Model Primary Health Centre in Port Harcourt, Nigeria

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Fungal-Bacterial Di-Kingdom Microbial Communities Associated with Chronic Pulmonary Disease

Fungal-Bacterial Di-Kingdom Microbial Communities Associated with Chronic Pulmonary Disease

Candida coinfection among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Asia and Africa; A systematic review and meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies

Invasive candidiasis in Africa, what is the current picture?

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