Tuberculosis in England and Wales

Drolet, Godias J.

doi:10.1016/s0041-3879(24)80020-x

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Similar declines in TB mortality were also observed in other regions in the Northern hemisphere [ 1 , 3 , 4 , 6 , 21 – 23 , 38 , 39 ]. In all European countries, TB mortality decreased steadily, but peaked 1918 due to the influenza epidemic [ 40 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

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Tuberculosis Mortality and Living Conditions in Bern, Switzerland, 1856-1950

et al. 2016

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BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) is a poverty-related disease that is associated with poor living conditions. We studied TB mortality and living conditions in Bern between 1856 and 1950.MethodsWe analysed cause-specific mortality based on mortality registers certified by autopsies, and public health reports 1856 to 1950 from the city council of Bern.ResultsTB mortality was higher in the Black Quarter (550 per 100,000) and in the city centre (327 per 100,000), compared to the outskirts (209 per 100,000 in 1911–1915). TB mortality correlated positively with the number of persons per room (r = 0.69, p = 0.026), the percentage of rooms without sunlight (r = 0.72, p = 0.020), and negatively with the number of windows per apartment (r = -0.79, p = 0.007). TB mortality decreased 10-fold from 330 per 100,000 in 1856 to 33 per 100,000 in 1950, as housing conditions improved, indoor crowding decreased, and open-air schools, sanatoria, systematic tuberculin skin testing of school children and chest radiography screening were introduced.ConclusionsImproved living conditions and public health measures may have contributed to the massive decline of the TB epidemic in the city of Bern even before effective antibiotic treatment became finally available in the 1950s.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…For comparison, we extracted TB mortality data for Switzerland (1877–1950) and for the city of Zürich (1830–1933) from an online database [ 20 ]. We also obtained TB mortality data from published literature: England and Wales (1851–1923) [ 21 ], Germany (1892–1950) [ 1 ], and New York (1881–1950) [ 22 , 23 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuberculosis Mortality and Living Conditions in Bern, Switzerland, 1856-1950

et al. 2016

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“…Data stratified by sex were not available for the period of the Spanish influenza pandemic in Bern. To compare TB mortality trends in other regions of the northern hemisphere over a period that included one or both influenza pandemics, we also collected TB mortality data from England and Wales, 1851–1923 [ 24 ]; Germany, 1892–1950 [ 25 ]; and New York City, 1881–1950 [ 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza Pandemics and Tuberculosis Mortality in 1889 and 1918: Analysis of Historical Data from Switzerland

et al. 2016

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BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) mortality declined in the northern hemisphere over the last 200 years, but peaked during the Russian (1889) and the Spanish (1918) influenza pandemics. We studied the impact of these two pandemics on TB mortality.MethodsWe retrieved historic data from mortality registers for the city of Bern and countrywide for Switzerland. We used Poisson regression models to quantify the excess pulmonary TB (PTB) mortality attributable to influenza.ResultsYearly PTB mortality rates increased during both influenza pandemics. Monthly influenza and PTB mortality rates peaked during winter and early spring. In Bern, for an increase of 100 influenza deaths (per 100,000 population) monthly PTB mortality rates increased by a factor of 1.5 (95%Cl 1.4–1.6, p<0.001) during the Russian, and 3.6 (95%Cl 0.7–18.0, p = 0.13) during the Spanish pandemic. Nationally, the factor was 2.0 (95%Cl 1.8–2.2, p<0.001) and 1.5 (95%Cl 1.1–1.9, p = 0.004), respectively. We did not observe any excess cancer or extrapulmonary TB mortality (as a negative control) during the influenza pandemics.ConclusionsWe demonstrate excess PTB mortality during historic influenza pandemics in Switzerland, which supports a role for influenza vaccination in PTB patients in high TB incidence countries.

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Tuberculosis in England and Wales

Cited by 2 publications

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Tuberculosis Mortality and Living Conditions in Bern, Switzerland, 1856-1950

Tuberculosis Mortality and Living Conditions in Bern, Switzerland, 1856-1950

Influenza Pandemics and Tuberculosis Mortality in 1889 and 1918: Analysis of Historical Data from Switzerland

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