Tuberculosis in free-ranging wildlife: detection, diagnosis and management

Lisle, Geoffrey W. de; Bengis, Roy G.; Schmitt, Stephan; O’Brien, Daniel J.

doi:10.20506/rst.21.2.1339

Cited by 178 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…However, some cases of disseminated disease have been reported (Oloya et al , 2007). Lesions caused by other non-mycobacterial microorganisms, such as Rhodococcus , Actinobacillus , Arcanobacterium, and Nocardia, among others (Lisle et al , 2002), can also be mistaken for tuberculosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in bovine and bubaline tissues through nested-PCR

Araújo¹,

Osório²,

Jorge³

et al. 2014

Braz. J. Microbiol.

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Post-mortem bacterial culture and specific biochemical tests are currently performed to characterize the etiologic agent of bovine tuberculosis. Cultures take up to 90 days to develop. A diagnosis by molecular tests such as PCR can provide fast and reliable results while significantly decreasing the time of confirmation. In the present study, a nested-PCR system, targeting rv2807, with conventional PCR followed by real-time PCR, was developed to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) organisms directly from bovine and bubaline tissue homogenates. The sensitivity and specificity of the reactions were assessed with DNA samples extracted from tuberculous and non-tuberculous mycobacteria, as well as other Actinomycetales species and DNA samples extracted directly from bovine and bubaline tissue homogenates. Regarding the analytical sensitivity, DNA of the M. bovis AN5 strain was detected up to 1.5 pg by nested-PCR, whereas DNA of M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain was detected up to 6.1 pg. The nested-PCR system showed 100% analytical specificity for MTC when tested with DNA of reference strains of non-tuberculous mycobacteria and closely-related Actinomycetales. A clinical sensitivity level of 76.7% was detected with tissues samples positive for MTC by means of the culture and conventional PCR. A clinical specificity of 100% was detected with DNA from tissue samples of cattle with negative results in the comparative intradermal tuberculin test. These cattle exhibited no visible lesions and were negative in the culture for MTC. The use of the nested-PCR assay to detect M. tuberculosis complex in tissue homogenates provided a rapid diagnosis of bovine and bubaline tuberculosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in bovine and bubaline tissues through nested-PCR

Araújo¹,

Osório²,

Jorge³

et al. 2014

Braz. J. Microbiol.

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“…The wide host range of M. bovis, which infects both domesticated and wild animals, has affected the success of the eradication and control programs (Serraino et al 1999;Vicente 2004;Donnelly et al 2006;Corner 2006). Furthermore, the identification of infected wildlife is difficult and biomarkers of infection would greatly contribute to the implementation of effective control programs for bTB (de Lisle et al 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of serum biochemical parameters in relation to Mycobacterium bovis infection of European wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Spain

et al. 2006

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Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) caused by Mycobacterium bovis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex) is a zoonotic disease that affects cattle and wildlife worldwide. European wild boar (Sus scrofa) is a major reservoir host of M. bovis in south-central Spain. The identification of biomarkers to predict bTB in wild boars by dependable methods that do not require killing the host would greatly contribute to the implementation of effective control programs for bTB in this region. In this study, we have characterized serum biochemical values in European wild boars in Spain to determine whether biochemical parameters in the serum varied significantly with the presence of bTB in this species. Although apolipoprotein A1 and IgG levels were higher in uninfected boars, the results did not support good predictive value for serum biochemical parameters studied for European wild boars in relation to bTB in Spain.

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“…Ward (*) : G. C. Smith virginianus) in northern USA, the Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer) in South Africa and the introduced brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) in New Zealand (de Lisle et al 2001). Many other mammal hosts have been reported (Delahay et al 2002;de Lisle et al 2002), some of which may also be capable of onward transmission to other species, including cattle. The main cattle bTB hotspots in Great Britain are found in west and southwest England and Wales (ISG 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting the status of wild deer as hosts of Mycobacterium bovis infection in Britain

Ward

Smith

2011

Eur J Wildl Res

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Control of livestock diseases can become complicated when wild animals are involved. The Eurasian badger (Meles meles) is considered the principle wildlife host of Mycobacterium bovis (which causes bovine tuberculosis, bTB) in Great Britain and Ireland, but wild deer have also been implicated. Whether wild deer are likely to perpetuate bTB in cattle depends on the exposure risks they pose, the mode of pathogen transmission, the distances over which the disease can be transported and whether they can maintain infection within their own populations independently of other sources. We evaluated the likely host status of each of four species of wild British deer (red, roe, fallow and Reeves' muntjac) and the badger across a range of densities typically observed in Britain by manipulating the reproductive number equation proposed by Anderson and May (1991). We estimate that roe deer almost certainly act as spillover hosts at densities lower than 30 km −2 , red deer below 16 km −2 , muntjac below 6 km −2 , fallow below 4 km −2 and the badger below 2 km −2 . We also estimate that muntjac will almost certainly act as maintenance hosts at densities above 56 km −2 , fallow above 47 km −2 and badgers above 24 km −2 . For densities between these values, we cannot be certain of the host status of these species, and for red and roe deer we cannot be certain of host status under most natural conditions typically experienced in parts of Britain experiencing high incidence of bTB in cattle. However, enhanced transmission rates resulting from artificially high densities such as might be experienced at supplementary feeding sites may be sufficient to promote independent maintenance of infection. We were not able to confidently assign host status to any species over a wide range of densities, but conclude that this is likely to reflect reality, where host status may be affected as much by, for example, demographic fluctuations as it is by population density. Our results imply densities below which populations of wild deer inhabiting cattle bTB hotspots ought to be maintained in order to control the possibility of them perpetuating the cycle of intra-and interspecific M. bovis transmission.

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Tuberculosis in free-ranging wildlife: detection, diagnosis and management

Cited by 178 publications

References 65 publications

Direct detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in bovine and bubaline tissues through nested-PCR

Direct detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in bovine and bubaline tissues through nested-PCR

Analysis of serum biochemical parameters in relation to Mycobacterium bovis infection of European wild boars (Sus scrofa) in Spain

Predicting the status of wild deer as hosts of Mycobacterium bovis infection in Britain

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