Tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children starting antiretroviral therapy in Côte d'Ivoire

Abstract

Ensuring clinician compliance with TB screening before ART and ensuring earlier ART initiation before children suffer from advanced HIV disease and nutritional compromise might reduce TB morbidity during ART.

Incidence of tuberculosis in children on antiretroviral therapy: a retrospective cohort study

“…Similar studies conducted in Kenya [9, 38], Uganda and Zimbabwe [39], Tanzania [24], Cote D’Ivoire [40], and South Africa [21] were concordant with ours. A possible explanation was children might have had a non-symptomatic TB at the time of ART initiation.…”

Prevalence of and risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis among newly diagnosed HIV-1 infected Nigerian children

“…A study in children from Côte d'Ivoire similarly showed that HIV stage 3/4 was a risk factor for co-infection. 4 In our study, severe immunosuppression was an important risk factor for PTB-HIV co-infection. This finding is consistent with those of other studies in African children.…”

“…This finding is consistent with those of other studies in African children. 4,5,23 Severe immunosuppression in TB-HIV co-infection has largely been attributed to CD4+ T-cell depletion. 24,25 Severe immunosuppression in children with HIV mono-infection or HIV-TB co-infection has been associated with poor clinical outcomes and increased mortality with or without ART.…”

“…3 Data on the incidence or prevalence of and risk factors for TB among children newly diagnosed with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa are scarce. [3][4][5][6] In Nigeria, the prevalence of pulmonary TB (PTB) in HIV-infected children and the predisposing risk factors are poorly described. Therefore, such a description would be useful in highlighting the burden of PTB-HIV co-infection in children, and in developing prevention strategies to protect HIV infected children from co-infection with M. tuberculosis.…”

The burden of vaccine-preventable diseases among HIV-infected and HIV-exposed children in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…characteristics of the eligible studies are summarised in Table 1. Tuberculosis: Nine studies 15,[17][18][19][20]22,32,35 on TB were pooled to give an overall incidence rate estimate of (95% CI 30 -70) per 1,000 child-years at risk for tuberculosis based on a 4 random-effects model (I 2 = 99%; Figure 2). Subgroup analysis established change over time in 5 incidence rates when comparing studies conducted before and after 2011.…”