Tuberculosis Notification in Jordan, 2016–2020

Khader, Yousef; Abaza, Hiba; Satyanarayana, Srinath; Rumman, Ahmad Saleh Abu; Alyousfi, Mohamad Nihad

doi:10.3390/epidemiologia4030028

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In 2014, the WHO adopted the End TB Strategy, which aims to “reduce TB incidence by 80% and TB mortality by 90% by 2030 and eliminate the catastrophic costs to TB-affected households,” noting that a new effective vaccine is needed to achieve these goals [ 32 ]. However, despite global efforts, TB incidence has declined by only 9% cumulatively between 2015 and 2019, far short of the desired 20% reduction by 2020 [ 33 , 34 ]. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new and more effective vaccines against TB.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the components of Mycobacterium tuberculosis heat-resistant antigen (Mtb-HAg) and its regulation of γδ T-cell function

Wei,

Guo,

Song

et al. 2024

Cell Mol Biol Lett

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Background Mycobacterium tuberculosis heat-resistant antigen (Mtb-HAg) is a peptide antigen released from the mycobacterial cytoplasm into the supernatant of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) attenuated H37Ra strain after autoclaving at 121 °C for 20 min. Mtb-HAg can specifically induce γδ T-cell proliferation in vitro. However, the exact composition of Mtb-HAg and the protein antigens that are responsible for its function are currently unknown. Methods Mtb-HAg extracted from the Mtb H37Ra strain was subjected to LC‒MS mass spectrometry. Twelve of the identified protein fractions were recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli by genetic engineering technology using pET-28a as a plasmid and purified by Ni–NTA agarose resin to stimulate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from different healthy individuals. The proliferation of γδ T cells and major γδ T-cell subset types as well as the production of TNF-α and IFN-γ were determined by flow cytometry. Their proliferating γδ T cells were isolated and purified using MACS separation columns, and Mtb H37Ra-infected THP-1 was co-cultured with isolated and purified γδ T cells to quantify Mycobacterium viability by counting CFUs. Results In this study, Mtb-HAg from the attenuated Mtb H37Ra strain was analysed by LC‒MS mass spectrometry, and a total of 564 proteins were identified. Analysis of the identified protein fractions revealed that the major protein components included heat shock proteins and Mtb-specific antigenic proteins. Recombinant expression of 10 of these proteins in by Escherichia coli genetic engineering technology was used to successfully stimulate PBMCs from different healthy individuals, but 2 of the proteins, EsxJ and EsxA, were not expressed. Flow cytometry results showed that, compared with the IL-2 control, HspX, GroEL1, and GroES specifically induced γδ T-cell expansion, with Vγ2δ2 T cells as the main subset, and the secretion of the antimicrobial cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ. In contrast, HtpG, DnaK, GroEL2, HbhA, Mpt63, EsxB, and EsxN were unable to promote γδ T-cell proliferation and the secretion of TNF-α and IFN-γ. None of the above recombinant proteins were able to induce the secretion of TNF-α and IFN-γ by αβ T cells. In addition, TNF-α, IFN-γ-producing γδ T cells inhibit the growth of intracellular Mtb. Conclusion Activated γδ T cells induced by Mtb-HAg components HspX, GroES, GroEL1 to produce TNF-α, IFN-γ modulate macrophages to inhibit intracellular Mtb growth. These data lay the foundation for subsequent studies on the mechanism by which Mtb-HAg induces γδ T-cell proliferation in vitro, as well as the development of preventive and therapeutic vaccines and rapid diagnostic reagents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the components of Mycobacterium tuberculosis heat-resistant antigen (Mtb-HAg) and its regulation of γδ T-cell function

Wei,

Guo,

Song

et al. 2024

Cell Mol Biol Lett

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“…[ 28 ] A recent study in Jordan has also reported a decline in TB notifications in 2020, underscoring the repercussions of COVID-19 on TB diagnosis and management. [ 29 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence Rates of Tuberculosis, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, and Hepatitis B and C among Migrant Workers in Jordan

Khader,

Warrad,

Maiteh

2024

Journal of Global Infectious Diseases

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Introduction: Migration across national borders is an influential factor of consideration in the control of infectious diseases. Therefore, including migrants in surveillance and screening programs as well as linkage to care is mandatory to meet the public health targets of countries and regions. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV) among migrant workers applying for work permits in Jordan during the period 2018–2020. The findings of this study are expected to guide health policy to prevent the spread of infectious diseases in Jordan. Methods: During the period 2018–2020, 439,622 migrant workers underwent routine testing for TB, HIV, and hepatitis B and C. Demographic, laboratory, and clinical data for those migrants were retrieved from the Directorate of Chest Diseases and Immigrants Health records. The overall prevalence of the mentioned diseases as well as by subgroups was calculated. Results: The prevalence rates of TB and HIV among migrants were 54 per 100,000 migrants (11 per 100,000 male migrants and 138 per 100,000 female migrants, P < 0.001) and 21 per 100,000 (11 per 100,000 male migrants and 41 per 100,000 female migrants, P < 0.001), respectively. The prevalence of hepatitis B was 10 per 1000 migrants (12 per 1000 male migrants and 7 per 1000 female migrants, P < 0.001) and the prevalence of hepatitis C was 37 per 1000 (51 per 1000 male migrants and 10 per 1000 female migrants, P < 0.001). The prevalence of all studied conditions varied significantly according to gender, age, occupation, and country of origin. Conclusions: The prevalence rates of TB, HIV, HBV, and HCV were generally higher among migrants than Jordanians. Evidence-based health policies need to be drafted that aim to address migrant workers health care to ensure the lowest possible risk from infectious diseases to the people of Jordan is maintained. The study findings can inform the formulation of immigration and public health policies, including screening requirements for migrant workers, health insurance provisions, labor regulations, and support services for those with these conditions.

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“…While national policy requires non-nationals without a refugee status to be deported on diagnosis of TB, the NTP continues to diagnose and treat a significant number of non-nationals with TB. TB treatment is free of charge 18 .…”

Section: National Program For Tb and Hiv Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

High prevalence of current tobacco smoking among patients with tuberculosis and people living with HIV in Jordan: A cross-sectional survey

Teshima,

Shatnawi,

Satyanarayana

et al. 2023

Tob. Induc. Dis.

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INTRODUCTION Continued smoking by patients with tuberculosis (TB) and people living with HIV (PLHIV) leads to adverse treatment outcomes. Estimates of tobacco use among the population are scarce in the Eastern Mediterranean region, where the burden of TB and HIV is also low but highly variable. This study determined the prevalence of current smoking and assessed factors associated with current smoking among patients with TB and PLHIV in Jordan. METHODS We analyzed data from the Jordan Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices survey in 2021. Information on current tobacco use, including products and frequency of smoking, was collected from 452 patients with TB and 152 PLHIV. We performed multivariable logistic regression to assess the sociodemographic characteristics independently associated with current smoking. RESULTS Prevalence of current smoking was 43.8% among TB patients and 67.8 % among PLHIV, and conventional cigarettes were the most used tobacco products. The prevalence of current smoking among patients with TB was higher among

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Tuberculosis Notification in Jordan, 2016–2020

Cited by 4 publications

References 16 publications

Analysis of the components of Mycobacterium tuberculosis heat-resistant antigen (Mtb-HAg) and its regulation of γδ T-cell function

Analysis of the components of Mycobacterium tuberculosis heat-resistant antigen (Mtb-HAg) and its regulation of γδ T-cell function

Prevalence Rates of Tuberculosis, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, and Hepatitis B and C among Migrant Workers in Jordan

High prevalence of current tobacco smoking among patients with tuberculosis and people living with HIV in Jordan: A cross-sectional survey

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