Tuberculous meningitis with good outcome following appropriate timing of ventriculoperitoneal shunting for hydrocephalus

Abstract

Background Tuberculous meningitis is often associated with hydrocephalus. However, the appropriate timing for shunt placement to treat hydrocephalus remains controversial. Case Presentation A 43‐year‐old man presented with high fever and disturbance of consciousness. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings showed pleocytosis, increased protein levels, and hypoglycemia with an elevated pressure of 30 cm H 2 O. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed cerebral infarctions and hydrocephalus resulting in suspicion of tuberculous meningitis. A few days after admission, external ventricular drainage was carried out for acute hydrocephalus. Four antitubercular drugs (isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol) as well as dexamethasone sodium phosphate were given. The CSF polymerase chain reaction test for tuberculosis was found to be positive 2 weeks later. Once CSF protein levels improved, a ventriculoperitoneal shunting operation was undertaken. Conclusions When tuberculous meningitis is suspected, treatment with antitubercular drugs should be initiated prior to definitive diagnosis, and a shunt surgery should be carried out in a timely manner.

Clinical Chronicle: The Use of Ventriculo-Atrial Shunt in Tuberculous Hydrocephalus Treatment

“…Hydrocephalus is one of the most common complications of tuberculosis meningitis occurring in up to 80% of children with the disease [3].…”

“…Many children's hemiparetic limbs and vision returned to normal. In semi-comatose and comatose patients, the results were unsatisfactory [3].…”

“…Tuberculous Hydrocephalus (TH) is more complication of TBM with average incidence 80% in children [3], in which there is a disruption in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation due to the inflammation process. The disruption of CSF circulation could enlarge the ventricular system, followed by the increased of intracranial pressure (ICP) [1].…”