Tubular electrospun scaffolds tested in vivo for tissue engineering

Abstract

Tissue engineering has been widely used for its great variety of functions. It has been seen as a solution to satisfy the need for vascular substitutes like small diameter vessels, veins, and nerves. One of the most used methods is electrospinning, due to the fact that it allows the use of various polymers, sizes, mandrels and it can adjust the conditions to create personalized scaffolds. For the creation of scaffolds is fundamental to understand the advantages and disadvantages of each polymer, of this, will depend the biodegradability, biocompatibility, porosity, cellular adhesion, and cell proliferation as it is essential to mimic the extracellular matrix and provide structural support for the cells. The aim of this review was to investigate which materials are being used for the creation of tubular scaffolds by electrospinning. Here we selected only in vivo evaluation to demonstrate remodeling of the grafts into native-like tissues, in vitro evaluations had been excluded from this review. We analyze the conditions like speed, distance and voltage and the modifications like growth factors and combinations of natural and synthetic polymers that allow the authors to have a functional scaffold that will suit its purpose.

Development of biodegradable webs of PLA/PCL blends prepared via electrospinning: Morphological, chemical, and thermal characterization

“…Material selection is predominantly effective in imitating the physical, chemical, mechanical, and structural properties of the scaffolds 9 . In addition to allowing rapid endothelialization and cell proliferation; biocompatibility, cytocompatibility, slow degradation rate, excellent strength, and high elongation features make PCL an indispensable biopolymer 10‐13 . On the other hand, PLA is an aliphatic bio‐based polymer that is preferable in biomedical applications due to its biocompatibility, rapid biodegradability, lack of toxicity, high mechanical strength, and modulus 13‐15 .…”

“…In addition to allowing rapid endothelialization and cell proliferation; biocompatibility, cytocompatibility, slow degradation rate, excellent strength, and high elongation features make PCL an indispensable biopolymer 10‐13 . On the other hand, PLA is an aliphatic bio‐based polymer that is preferable in biomedical applications due to its biocompatibility, rapid biodegradability, lack of toxicity, high mechanical strength, and modulus 13‐15 . Furthermore, PLA has a high glass transition temperature ( T g : 55–60 ° C) which makes it more brittle and stiffer compared to PCL ( T g : − 60 ° C).…”

Investigation of biodegradability and cellular activity of PCL/PLA and PCL/PLLA electrospun webs for tissue engineering applications

“…[15][16][17] PCL is a beneficial biopolymer for recellularization on living tissue due to its slow degradation rate which makes it suitable for tissue engineering applications. [18] Yalcin et al reported a study in which the design criteria were chosen to produce a biodegradable small-caliber vascular graft structure and resemble the native vascular system in morphological, mechanical, and biological aspects. PCL (45,000 Mn) and chloroform/ ethanol (9/1 v/v) solvent system were used for preparing the solution, which had an 18 w/v% concentration.…”