Tubulideres seminoli gen. et sp. nov. and Zelinkaderes brightae sp. nov. (Kinorhyncha, Cyclorhagida) from Florida

Abstract

One new kinorhynch genus and species and one new species from the genus Zelinkaderes are described from sandy sediment oV Fort Pierce, Florida. The new genus and species, Tubulideres seminoli gen. et sp. nov. is characterized by the presence of the Wrst trunk segment consisting of a closed ring, the second segment of a bent tergal plate with a midventral articulation and the following nine segments consisting of a tergal and two sternal plates. Cuspidate spines are not present, but Xexible tubules are located on several segments, and in particular concentrated on the ventral side of the second segment. Middorsal spines are present on all trunk segments and are alternatingly oVset to a position slightly lateral to the middorsal line. Zelinkaderes brightae nov. sp. is characterized by its spine formula in having middorsal spines on trunk segments 4, 6 and 8-11, lateroventral acicular spines on segment 2, lateral accessory cuspidate spines on segments 2 and 8, ventrolateral cuspidate spines on segments 4-6 and 9, lateroventral acicular spines present on segments 8 and 9, and midterminal, lateral terminal and lateral terminal accessory spines on segment 11. The spine formula of Z. brightae nov. sp. places it in a position in between Z. submersus and a clade consisting of Z. klepali and Z. Xoridensis. The new Wndings on Z. brightae nov. sp. have led us to propose an emended diagnosis for the genus.

New Kinorhyncha from Florida coastal waters

“…However, other genera such as Wollunquaderes, Tubulideres ); Triodontoderes (Sørensen and Rho 2009); and Zelinkaderes (Higgins 1990;Bauer-Nebelsick 1995;Sørensen et al 2007) show the same dimorphism. The stout and robust middorsal and laterodorsal acicular spines of A. gwenae n. sp.…”

“…This species occurs primarily at depths around 140 m in the muddy sand found 20 miles offshore. More recently, M. V. Sørensen collected at different localities off Fort Pierce and described four new species including a new genus: Echinoderes spinifurca Sørensen et al 2005, Zelinkaderes brightae Sørensen et al 2007, Antygomonas paulae Sørensen 2007 and Tubulideres seminoli Sørensen et al 2007(see Sørensen et al 2007). …”

A comparative morphological study of the kinorhynch genera Antygomonas and Semnoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida)

“…Even though some older reports based on LM exist, we prefer to compare with data revealed through SEM only, as the exact position of, e.g., scalids hardly can be resolved with LM. Fortunately, the amount of such data from SEM studies has increased over the last years and has become available from an increasing amount of species (see e.g., Brown 1989;Higgins 1990;Neuhaus 1993;Nebelsick 1993;BauerNebelsick 1995BauerNebelsick , 1996Ziemer 2001;Sørensen 2007Sørensen , 2008Sørensen et al 2007;Sørensen and Pardos 2008). A comparison of scalid arrangements across species or genera can either be done ring-wise or section-wise, and as pointed in several studies (see e.g., Higgins 1990;Sørensen 2007;Sørensen and Pardos 2008) the section-wise comparison often provides the best comparative approach.…”

“…In order to gather the required data for a phylogenetic study, the detailed morphology of introvert appendages and cuticular structures on the trunk have been examined, or in some cases re-examined, in selected species of kinorhynchs using light-and scanning electron microscopy. Such studies have previously demonstrated that they can provide signiWcant new information from otherwise well-described species (see e.g., Kristensen and Higgins 1991;Nebelsick 1992; G a Ordóñez et al 2000;Sørensen 2006) as well as substantially improved descriptions of new species (see e.g., Sørensen 2006Sørensen , 2007Sørensen , 2008Sørensen et al 2007; G a Ordóñez et al 2008). The Wnal goal is to produce contributions that present information on morphological character traits from a representative range of kinorhynch taxa, that can be coded and then analyzed in a phylogenetic framework.…”

A new kinorhynch genus, Mixtophyes (Kinorhyncha: Homalorhagida), from the Guinea Basin deep-sea, with new data on the family Neocentrophyidae

“…Recent phylogenetic analyses, based on molecular sequence data, indicate though that at least two or three additional genera are more closely related to the homalorhagids (Dal Zotto et al 2013;Yamasaki et al 2013), but still a vast majority of the generic and specific diversity is found among the cyclorhagids. Furthermore, among the seven most recently described genera, six of them are clearly cyclorhagids (Neuhaus and Blasche 2006;Sørensen et al 2007;Sørensen 2008;Sørensen and Rho 2009;Sørensen and Thormar 2010;Herranz et al 2012), whereas only one, Franciscideres, might be a homalorhagid even though its morphology differs considerably from the four currently accepted homalorhagid genera (Dal Zotto et al 2013). …”