Abstract. Increased vascular permeability and angiogenesis are hallmarks of the implantation process in the uterus. Angiomotin (Amot), which is a vascular angiogenesis-related protein, belongs to the motin family. There are two other members of the motin family, angiomotin-like 1 and 2 (Amotl1 and 2), which are also thought to be involved with angiogenesis. In the present study, the distribution of motin mRNAs in the mouse uterus during the peri-implantation period was investigated by in situ hybridization. Amot and Amotl1 were expressed in the stromal cells on days 3 and 4; expressions of Amotl2 during the same period were low. During the postimplantation period, Amot and Amotl1 were expressed in secondary decidual cells, while Amotl2 expression fell to an undetectable level. We also examined hormonal regulation of motin expression by steroid hormone treatment in ovariectomized mice. We found that expression of Amot was induced by P 4 in stromal cells. Additionally, Amotl1 expression was upregulated by both P 4 and estrogen (E 2 ) in stromal cells, whereas E 2 increased this gene expression for only a limited time; after 12 h, expression dissipated. In contrast, P 4 regulated the expression of Amotl2 in stromal cells, while E 2 regulated its expression in luminal epithelium cells. Our results demonstrated that Amot, Amotl1, and Amotl2 were differentially expressed in uterine cells during the peri-implantation period, and that their expressions were differentially regulated by P 4 and E 2 . Key words: Angiomotin, Amotl1, Amotl2, Steroid hormone, Uterus (J. Reprod. Dev. 58: [649][650][651][652][653] 2012) S ynchronization of embryonic development and uterine differentiation to its receptive state is necessary to establish a successful pregnancy. Uterine receptivity for implantation lasts for a limited period of time in mice [1][2][3]. In this state, the uterine environment is able to support blastocyst growth, attachment and the subsequent events of implantation. The major hormones that specify uterine receptivity are the ovarian steroids progesterone (P 4 ) and estrogen. The uterus is pre-receptive on day 3 of pregnancy (day 1 = vaginal plug) and enters the receptive phase on day 4 under the influence of rising P 4 and a small amount of estrogen secretion on the morning of day 4 [4,5]. Because P 4 and estrogen primarily target the uterus to regulate its functions during the peri-implantation period, it is thought that these hormones also modulate angiogenesis and decidualization in the uterus during pregnancy [6][7][8].Angiogenesis physiologically occurs in the uterus during pregnancy [9,10]. Increased uterine vascular permeability and angiogenesis are two hallmarks of the implantation process. The proangiogenic factor Vegf (vascular endothelial growth factor) and its receptor Flk1 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2) are primarily important for uterine vascular permeability and angiogenesis prior to and during the attachment phase of the implantation process [6,9]. Meanwhile, Vegf in complementati...