Helicobacter pylori
infection is characterized as progressive processes of bacterial persistence and chronic gastritis with features of infiltration of mononuclear cells more than granulocytes in gastric mucosa. Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) is considered a double-edged sword in inflammation-associated diseases, but its function and clinical relevance in
H. pylori
-associated pathology are unknown. Here, we demonstrate both pro-colonization and pro-inflammation roles of ANGPTL4 in
H. pylori
infection. Increased ANGPTL4 in the infected gastric mucosa was produced from gastric epithelial cells (GECs) synergistically induced by
H. pylori
and IL-17A in a
cagA
-dependent manner. Human gastric ANGPTL4 correlated with
H. pylori
colonization and the severity of gastritis, and mouse ANGPTL4 from non-bone marrow-derived cells promoted bacteria colonization and inflammation. Importantly,
H. pylori
colonization and inflammation were attenuated in
Il17a
−/−
,
Angptl4
−/−
, and
Il17a
−/−
Angptl4
−/−
mice. Mechanistically, ANGPTL4 bound to integrin αV (ITGAV) on GECs to suppress CXCL1 production by inhibiting ERK, leading to decreased gastric influx of neutrophils, thereby promoting
H. pylori
colonization; ANGPTL4 also bound to ITGAV on monocytes to promote CCL5 production by activating PI3K–AKT–NF-κB, resulting in increased gastric influx of regulatory CD4
+
T cells (T
regs
) via CCL5–CCR4-dependent migration. In turn, ANGPTL4 induced T
reg
proliferation by binding to ITGAV to activate PI3K–AKT–NF-κB, promoting
H. pylori
-associated gastritis. Overall, we propose a model in which ANGPTL4 collectively ensures
H. pylori
persistence and promotes gastritis. Efforts to inhibit ANGPTL4-associated pathway may prove valuable strategies in treating
H. pylori
infection.