“…Swenarton (2002) traces a brief flurry of empathy for the suburbs in the 1970s and 1980s reflecting the approach of Venturi et al (1972) in the United States; this includes Taylor (1973) and Oliver et al (1981). However, empathy for the mass suburb was relatively short lived and, after the decline of modernism, the city model that was to emerge in the United Kingdom drew on the medieval walled city, where the suburbs were ‘outwith’ the city (Swenarton, 2002). Seamlessly linking two historical periods, the medieval city was to underpin the (urban) renaissance in the United Kingdom.…”