Intervertebral disc herniation is a common spinal disorder that affects a significant portion of the population, leading to pain, disability, and reduced quality of life. Rehabilitation therapy has been recognized as an effective, non-invasive approach for managing intervertebral disc herniation symptoms and improving function. This review provides a comprehensive overview of various rehabilitation therapies for intervertebral disc herniation, including spinal mobilization, traction, exercise, manual therapy, and traditional Chinese medicine treatments. This article discusses the principles, curative effects, and advantages and disadvantages of these treatments, highlighting the evidence supporting their effectiveness. Furthermore, we address key controversies and unanswered questions in the field, emphasizing the need for future research on optimal therapy duration and frequency, the role of manual therapy, long-term outcomes, comparative effectiveness, and prevention and early detection of intervertebral disc herniation.