Tumor Location May Independently Predict Survival in Patients With M0 Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Penis

Abstract

BackgroundTo determine the association between tumor location and both clinicopathological characteristics and the survival of patients with M0 squamous cell carcinoma of the penis (SCCP).MethodsData of 455 patients diagnosed with M0 SCCP between 1975 and 2018 were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database of the United States National Cancer Institute. The effects of tumor location on overall survival (OS) and penile carcinoma-specific survival (PCSS) were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to determine the impact of tumor location on PCSS.ResultsSCCP was more likely to occur in the prepuce or glans (90%). Although no significant difference was observed between the OS of patients with M0 SCCP in the prepuce or glans and those with M0 SCCP in the body of the penis (p = 0.307), the former had better PCSS (p = 0.024). Moreover, M0 SCCP in the prepuce or glans was also significantly associated with better PCSS in patients with advanced age (age ≥ 60 years, p = 0.011), other ethnicities (p = 0.003), T2–T4 stage (p = 0.036), larger tumors (≥3 cm, p = 0.001), no regional lymph nodes removed (p = 0.044), and radical surgery (p = 0.027). Multivariate analysis confirmed that tumor location is an independent prognostic factor for patients with M0 SCCP [hazard ratio (HR) 1.881, p = 0.026].ConclusionsTumor location is an independent prognostic factor for patients with M0 SCCP, and tumors in the prepuce or glans portend better PCSS.

Risk factors for distant metastasis and prognosis of the penile cancer with distant metastasis

“…Furthermore, tumor size was proven to be a key predictor in our DM-predicting nomogram. In contrast, tumor location, though considered as a risk factor, showed minimal impact on prognosis or metastasis rate in PC ( 24 , 25 ). Our study acknowledges certain limitations, including the lack of external validation and incomplete data on metastatic sites and metastatic patterns.…”

Recent developments in the diagnosis and management of N1 penile cancer

“…Previous cohort studies established that patient age, pathological stage and tumour grade correlate independently with lymph node involvement [19]. Further work has identified that adding tumour size and location variables could generate an LNM prediction nomogram with a calibration slope of 0.9 and a c-index of 0.776 [6,20]. A meta-analysis of 4800 pSCC patients identified additional markers of LNM [5].…”