Tumor microenvironment: barrier or opportunity towards effective cancer therapy

Tiwari, Aadhya; Trivedi, Rakesh Kumar; Lin, Shiaw-Yih

doi:10.1186/s12929-022-00866-3

Cited by 157 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 330 publications

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“…The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex network encompassing several cellular entities, including immune cells and non-cellular components such as the extracellular matrix, exosomes and interleukins (5). These cellular and extracellular entities are defined to take part in cancer development, progression and immune system exhaustion (6). Today, wide varieties of in vivo models are used to reconstruct primary and metastatic tumors niche and microenvironment (7).…”

Section: Cellular Composition (Who)?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining preclinical tools and models to unravel tumor complexity: Jump into the next dimension

et al. 2023

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Tumors are complex and heterogeneous diseases characterized by an intricate milieu and dynamically in connection with surrounding and distant tissues. In the last decades, great efforts have been made to develop novel preclinical models able to recapitulate the original features of tumors. However, the development of an in vitro functional and realistic tumor organ is still utopic and represents one of the major challenges to reproduce the architecture of the tumor ecosystem. A strategy to decrypt the whole picture and predict its behavior could be started from the validation of simplified biomimetic systems and then proceed with their integration. Variables such as the cellular and acellular composition of tumor microenvironment (TME) and its spatio-temporal distribution have to be considered in order to respect the dynamic evolution of the oncologic disease. In this perspective, we aim to explore the currently available strategies to improve and integrate in vitro and in vivo models, such as three-dimensional (3D) cultures, organoids, and zebrafish, in order to better understand the disease biology and improve the therapeutic approaches.

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Section: Cellular Composition (Who)?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining preclinical tools and models to unravel tumor complexity: Jump into the next dimension

et al. 2023

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“…TME is not only the internal environment for tumor cells to survive and develop but also the "main battlefield" for immune cells to kill tumor cells. As a result of low infiltration levels and exhaustion of immune effector cells, immune suppression occurs, thereby mediating immune escape (99). According to the distribution frequency of CD8+T cells, the immune phenotype is divided into three types: the inflamed phenotype, the immunedesert phenotype, and the immune-excluded phenotype.…”

Section: Tumor-extrinsic Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects and feasibility of synergistic therapy with radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer

Chen

Cheng

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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The morbidity and mortality of lung cancer are increasing, seriously threatening human health and life. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has an insidious onset and is not easy to be diagnosed in its early stage. Distant metastasis often occurs and the prognosis is poor. Radiotherapy (RT) combined with immunotherapy, especially with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has become the focus of research in NSCLC. The efficacy of immunoradiotherapy (iRT) is promising, but further optimization is necessary. DNA methylation has been involved in immune escape and radioresistance, and becomes a game changer in iRT. In this review, we focused on the regulation of DNA methylation on ICIs treatment resistance and radioresistance in NSCLC and elucidated the potential synergistic effects of DNA methyltransferases inhibitors (DNMTis) with iRT. Taken together, we outlined evidence suggesting that a combination of DNMTis, RT, and immunotherapy could be a promising treatment strategy to improve NSCLC outcomes.

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“…This enzymatic process adds to the decrease in pH, further lowering the acidity in the TME. [ 32,33 ]…”

Section: Role Of Smart Nps In Lung Cancer Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Lipid‐Based Nanoparticles in Lung Cancer Treatment: Current Status and Future Directions

Shahrivar,

Fakhr,

Abbasgholinejad

et al. 2023

Advanced Therapeutics

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Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer‐related deaths worldwide, and conventional treatments for the disease often fall short. Smart nanoparticles (NPs) are emerging as a promising strategy for the treatment of lung cancer, owing to their ability to selectively deliver therapeutic agents to cancer cells while minimizing off‐target effects. Smart NPs can respond to specific stimuli such as changes in pH, temperature, or enzymes, allowing them to release their cargo only when triggered. Among the various types of smart NPs, lipid‐based NPs, including liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, cubosomes, and extracellular vesicles, have garnered the highest interest due to their biocompatibility, low toxicity, and versatility in encapsulating a wide variety of drugs and genetic material. This review discusses the current status of smart lipid‐based NPs in lung cancer treatment, including recent advances in targeting strategies, stimuli‐responsive NPs, and combination therapies. The challenges and opportunities associated with translating smart lipid‐based NPs for lung cancer treatment into clinical applications are also discussed. This review highlights the potential of smart lipid‐based NPs to revolutionize lung cancer treatment and improve patient outcomes.

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Tumor microenvironment: barrier or opportunity towards effective cancer therapy

Cited by 157 publications

References 330 publications

Combining preclinical tools and models to unravel tumor complexity: Jump into the next dimension

Combining preclinical tools and models to unravel tumor complexity: Jump into the next dimension

Prospects and feasibility of synergistic therapy with radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and DNA methyltransferase inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer

Smart Lipid‐Based Nanoparticles in Lung Cancer Treatment: Current Status and Future Directions

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