“…The global lung cancer occurrence could be due to outdoor ambient PM2.5 and tobacco (Guo et al, 2020;Turner et al, 2020;Frazer et al, 2022). Multiple gene mutations have been found in NSCLC patient, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (Zhao D. et al, 2022;Castaneda-Gonzalez et al, 2022), Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) (Desage et al, 2022;Garcia-Robledo et al, 2022), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) (Cognigni et al, 2022;Xiang et al, 2022), Erb-B2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 2 (ERBB2) (Ni and Zhang, 2021;Vathiotis et al, 2021;Yu X. et al, 2022), B-Raf proto-oncogene (BRAF) (Abdayem and Planchard, 2022;Riudavets et al, 2022;Sforza et al, 2022), phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA), AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT1), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MAP2K1) (Kim and Giaccone, 2018;, c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1) (Guaitoli et al, 2021;Yu Z. Q. et al, 2022), neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) (Liu C. et al, 2022;Qin and Patel, 2022), and mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) (Pao and Girard, 2011;Olmedo et al, 2022) (Figure 1). In SCLC patients, gene mutations often include retinoblastoma (Rb), TP53, PTEN, FBXW7, VHL mutations (Cardona et al, 2019;Guan et al, 2022).…”