Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Production from CD8<sup>+</sup>T Cells Mediates Oviduct Pathological Sequelae following Primary Genital Chlamydia muridarum Infection

Murthy, Ashlesh K.; Li, Weidang; Chaganty, Bharat Kumar Reddy; Kamalakaran, Sangamithra; Guentzel, M. Neal; Seshu, J.; Forsthuber, Thomas G.; Zhong, Guangming; Arulanandam, Bernard P.

doi:10.1128/iai.05022-11

Cited by 128 publications

(154 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…A recent study by Murthy and colleagues showed that wt and CD8 ϩ T knockout mice displayed similar clearances of C. muridarum following vaginal chlamydial challenge (95). These data support previous studies demonstrating that CD8 ϩ T cells are not critical for C. trachomatis clearance (45,59,96).…”

Section: T Cellssupporting

confidence: 81%

Genital Chlamydia trachomatis: Understanding the Roles of Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Vaccine Research

Vasilevsky¹,

Greub

Nardelli-Haefliger

et al. 2014

Clin Microbiol Rev

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SUMMARY Chlamydia trachomatis is the leading cause of bacterial sexually transmitted disease worldwide, and despite significant advances in chlamydial research, a prophylactic vaccine has yet to be developed. This Gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium, which often causes asymptomatic infection, may cause pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), ectopic pregnancies, scarring of the fallopian tubes, miscarriage, and infertility when left untreated. In the genital tract, Chlamydia trachomatis infects primarily epithelial cells and requires Th1 immunity for optimal clearance. This review first focuses on the immune cells important in a chlamydial infection. Second, we summarize the research and challenges associated with developing a chlamydial vaccine that elicits a protective Th1-mediated immune response without inducing adverse immunopathologies.

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Section: T Cellssupporting

confidence: 81%

Genital Chlamydia trachomatis: Understanding the Roles of Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Vaccine Research

Vasilevsky¹,

Greub

Nardelli-Haefliger

et al. 2014

Clin Microbiol Rev

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“…CD8 ϩ T cells are not required for resolution of primary infection or immunity to reinfection, but they can contribute to protection via IFN-␥ release (33). Nonetheless, it was recently demonstrated that CD8 ϩ T cell production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-␣) promotes oviduct pathology following primary murine genital tract infection (34). Antibodies and B cells are also not necessary for eradication of primary infection (35,36), but they play an important role in resistance to chlamydial reinfection (37).…”

Section: Mouse Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Models for Studying Female Genital Tract Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis

2013

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Chlamydia trachomatis is a Gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen. It is the leading cause of bacterial sexually transmitted disease in the world, with more than 100 million new cases of genital tract infections with C. trachomatis occurring each year. Animal models are indispensable for the study of C. trachomatis infections and the development and evaluation of candidate vaccines. In this paper, the most commonly used animal models to study female genital tract infections with C. trachomatis will be reviewed, namely, the mouse, guinea pig, and nonhuman primate models. Additionally, we will focus on the more recently developed pig model. Chlamydia trachomatis, a Gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium, is the leading cause of bacterial sexually transmitted disease. World Health Organization values for 2008 estimated an annual increase of over 100 million genital tract infections with C. trachomatis worldwide (1). The incidence of cases is increasing in many countries (1, 2). Genital tract infections with C. trachomatis can cause cervicitis in women and urethritis in men. However, these infections remain largely subclinical in approximately 70% of women and 50% of men and consequently are often not detected (3). Untreated infections may lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, tubal scarring, ectopic pregnancy, infertility, and chronic pelvic pain in women, epididymitis in men, and infant pneumonia in children (4-7). Uncomplicated chlamydial infections can be treated easily with antibiotics, but once infection and pathology are established, treatment may be less effective. Asymptomatic individuals can be identified through screening programs, but this approach is likely to be too costly for developing countries. A vaccination program would be much cheaper and have a greater impact in controlling C. trachomatis infections worldwide. Computer modeling suggests that even a partially efficacious chlamydial vaccination program would rapidly reduce the prevalence of genital infection (8). Animal models are indispensable for the study of C. trachomatis infections and the development and evaluation of candidate vaccines. Various animal models have been developed, including mouse (9, 10), guinea pig (11, 12), nonhuman primate (13,14), pig (15), rat (16), and rabbit (17) models. Here, the most commonly used animal models to study female genital tract infections with C. trachomatis will be reviewed, namely, the mouse, guinea pig, and nonhuman primate models. Additionally, we will focus on the more recently developed pig model. MOUSE MODELSMice are the most commonly used animals to study genital chlamydial infections. The advantages of the mouse model are their small size, ease of handling, availability in sufficient amounts, and low cost. Moreover, there are many well-characterized inbred and knockout mouse strains available (18). The female mouse genital tract is susceptible to infection with both Chlamydia muridarum (9) and C. trachomatis (10), which has resulted in the establishment of two murine mod...

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“…The molecular basis for this attenuation is unclear but could involve plasmid-regulated genes (13) that function as Toll-like receptor 2 (14) or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-␣) receptor antagonists (15,16). On the other hand, the basis of plasmid-mediated pathology might be a direct host-pathogen relationship caused by infection with virulent plasmid-bearing organisms.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional Profiling of Human Epithelial Cells Infected with Plasmid-Bearing and Plasmid-Deficient Chlamydia trachomatis

et al. 2015

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Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Production from CD8⁺T Cells Mediates Oviduct Pathological Sequelae following Primary Genital Chlamydia muridarum Infection

Abstract: The immunopathogenesis of

Cited by 128 publications

References 43 publications

Genital Chlamydia trachomatis: Understanding the Roles of Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Vaccine Research

Genital Chlamydia trachomatis: Understanding the Roles of Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Vaccine Research

Animal Models for Studying Female Genital Tract Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis

Transcriptional Profiling of Human Epithelial Cells Infected with Plasmid-Bearing and Plasmid-Deficient Chlamydia trachomatis

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Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Production from CD8+T Cells Mediates Oviduct Pathological Sequelae following Primary Genital Chlamydia muridarum Infection

Abstract: The immunopathogenesis of

Cited by 128 publications

References 43 publications

Genital Chlamydia trachomatis: Understanding the Roles of Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Vaccine Research

Genital Chlamydia trachomatis: Understanding the Roles of Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Vaccine Research

Animal Models for Studying Female Genital Tract Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis

Transcriptional Profiling of Human Epithelial Cells Infected with Plasmid-Bearing and Plasmid-Deficient Chlamydia trachomatis

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Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Production from CD8⁺T Cells Mediates Oviduct Pathological Sequelae following Primary Genital Chlamydia muridarum Infection