Tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐1 β levels in recurrent and persistent otitis media with effusion

Abstract

We were able to clarify that recurrent OME is a stage that occurs before chronic OME. Therefore, the prevention of acute attacks in recurrent disease would also impede long-term damage to the middle ear.

Characterization of Otitis Media With Effusion Based on the Ratio of Albumin and Immunoglobulin G Concentrations in the Effusion

“…The correlations between the composition of MEE and the clinical features (adenoid hypertrophy, ventilation tube insertion, etc.) or the prevalence of atopy have been reported in earlier studies (19,20). In the present study, we observed no difference in the prevalence of atopy and the incidence of repeated adenoidectomies or ventilation tube insertions between the MEE groups.…”

Proinflammatory and immunoregulatory cytokines in the middle ear effusions

“…IL-1b was also observed in a high percentage of MEE by other authors [2,16,17]. Schousboe et al [18] and Yellon et al [3] observed it in lower percentage of effusions (58%).…”

“…Higher concentrations of IL-1b were observed in purulent, acute, culture-positive effusions [20][21][22]. They were also higher in MEE of children with history of previous acute otitis media [17,23]. Statistically significant correlations were found between concentrations of IL-1b and TNF-a [3,4,16].…”

“…The published research results related to the clinical parameters and their relations to the level of cytokines are varied. Some authors [9,17,21] report higher proinflammatory cytokine concentrations among younger children. Närkiö-Mäkelä et al [16] observed the tendency to higher IL-1b values in cases of numerous tympanostomies, similarly to the findings of Yellon et al [9] in relation to IL-1b and IL-6.…”

Effectiveness of corticosteroids in otitis media with effusion: an experimental study

“…Locally produced, proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6 and IL-8, are considered to play an important role in the initiation and maintenance of inflammation 1 , 6 . It has been shown that middle-ear effusions in both animals and humans contain numerous cytokines and inflammatory mediators, including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, histamine, leukotrienes and prostaglandins 1 , 4 , 6 , 7 …”