Tumor Pathology of the Hagfish, Myxine glutinosa, and the River Lamprey, Lampetra fluviatilis

Falkmer, Sture; Emdin, Stefan O.; Östberg, Yngve; Mattisson, Artur; Sjöbeck, Martin; Fänge, Ragnar

doi:10.1159/000398701

Cited by 35 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Examples of such neoplasms include a metastatic melanoma in a lamprey and an epizootic hepatocellular carcinoma in a hagfish, Myxine glutinosa (27). Likewise, neoplasms have been reported in a variety of evolutionarily advanced cartilaginous fishes such as lungfish, Protopterus annectens and Protopterus aethiopicus (28 -30), paddlefish, Polyodon spathula (31), sturgeon, Acipenser spathula (32,33), and bowfin, Amia calva (34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shark Cartilage, Cancer and the Growing Threat of Pseudoscience

et al. 2004

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The promotion of crude shark cartilage extracts as a cure for cancer has contributed to at least two significant negative outcomes: a dramatic decline in shark populations and a diversion of patients from effective cancer treatments. An alleged lack of cancer in sharks constitutes a key justification for its use. Herein, both malignant and benign neoplasms of sharks and their relatives are described, including previously unreported cases from the Registry of Tumors in Lower Animals, and two sharks with two cancers each. Additional justifications for using shark cartilage are illogical extensions of the finding of antiangiogenic and anti-invasive substances in cartilage. Scientific evidence to date supports neither the efficacy of crude cartilage extracts nor the ability of effective components to reach and eradicate cancer cells. The fact that people think shark cartilage consumption can cure cancer illustrates the serious potential impacts of pseudoscience. Although components of shark cartilage may work as a cancer retardant, crude extracts are ineffective. Efficiencies of technology (e.g., fish harvesting), the power of mass media to reach the lay public, and the susceptibility of the public to pseudoscience amplifies the negative impacts of shark cartilage use. To facilitate the use of reason as the basis of public and private decision-making, the evidence-based mechanisms of evaluation used daily by the scientific community should be added to the training of media and governmental professionals. Increased use of logical, collaborative discussion will be necessary to ensure a sustainable future for man and the biosphere.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shark Cartilage, Cancer and the Growing Threat of Pseudoscience

et al. 2004

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“…These patterns are identical to those well known to occur in the liver neoplasms impaired by considerable anthropogenic input of various hepatotoxin, carcinogenic and/or carcinogenic promoters. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] The time-course observation of the uptake and elimination of BHT showed that BHT was rapidly absorbed into the fish body through the digestive tract, distributed to various tissues by blood, taken to the liver, and then carried away to the alimentary tract with bile. The uptake pathway of BHT in Japanese eel was similar to those of nonylphenol ethoxylated, sodium linear alkylbenzene sulfonate and sodium alkylsulfate in fish.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity and Excretion of Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) through Feed in Japanese Eel.

Hwang

Tsai

多摩夫³

et al. 1992

NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI

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Attempts were made to elucidate sublethal responses of Japanese eel Anguilla japonica exposed to feed to which BHT had been added. The Japanese eel were administered BHT sublethal levels such as 0.02-1.6% BHT in their diet for 12 weeks. The symptoms of liver enlargement were commonly found in the fish group fed diet with BHT. However, this symptom would be alleviated when the fish were switched to the BHT-free diet. The pathological symptoms in hepatocyte induced by BHT were observed under microscope. The lesions indicated that the enlarged hepatocytes had hyperplasia, eosinophilia and, megalocytic hepatosis. The excretion of 14C-BHT in Japanese eel administered orally was also examined. The radioactivity was quickly distributed in the tissues at the beginning. The radioactivity was high in the bile of fish. 14C-BHT in the bile of fish increased with time, reached a maximum level at the 3rd day, and then decreased gradually.As previously described,1) butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) has been widely used as an antioxidant for fish meal and feed in Taiwan.Judging from the ecotoxicological viewpoint, enlargement of the hepatopancreas was reported in common carp when they were fed a diet with supplemental BHT. The enlarged hepatopancreas had outstanding pathological symptoms of heavy steatosis, eosinophilia, and megalocytic hepatosis.1) Further, the level of BHT in common carp and rainbow trout was found to be high in the gall bladder and adipose tissue.2)In Taiwan, Japanese eel Anguilla japonica is a popular species of aquaculture and its artificial feed is mainly made from fish meal. The Japanese eel belongs to a species of high lipid content. To compare with common carp, the responses of Japanese eel to BHT are studied after oral administration of BHT through feed. Further, the physiological disposition of BHT in Japanese eel was also studied by using a labelled compound, 14C-BHT. Materials and MethodsFive hundred specimens of Japanese eel were obtained from Fwu Sow Marine Products Co. LTD., R. O. C. The fish were acclimated in several

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“…These identical patterns have been reported worldwide, often in connection with liver neoplasms from areas impaired by considerable anthropogenic input of various hepatotoxins, carcinogens, and/or carcinogenic promoters, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their by-products, hexachlorobenzene (HCB), hexachlorohexane (HCH), and other chlorinated hydrocarbons, as well as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sublethal Effects of Butylated Hydroxytoluene through Feed in Common Carp.

Hwang¹,

Tsai²,

Jeng³

et al. 1991

NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI

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Attempts were made to elucidate the sublethal responses of common carp Cyprinus carpio exposed to the feed additive butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). The common carp was administered BHT at sublethal levels such as 0.2-1.6% in the diet for 14 weeks. The growth rate was not found to significantly decrease when common carp were fed a diet with supplements of BHT (p>0.05). However, the declining growth rate was observed to be most significant in the fish fed diet with supplement of 1.6% BHT from the 4th to 8th weeks (p<0.05). The symptoms of hepatopancreas enlargement were commonly found in the fish group fed diet with supplement of BHT. However, this symptom would be alleviated when the fish were switched to the BHT-free dietThe pathological symptoms in hepatopancreas induced by BHT were observed under microscope. The lesions indicated that the enlarged hepatopancreas had heavy steatosis, eosinophilia, and megalocytic hepatosis.

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Tumor Pathology of the Hagfish, Myxine glutinosa, and the River Lamprey, Lampetra fluviatilis

Cited by 35 publications

References 0 publications

Shark Cartilage, Cancer and the Growing Threat of Pseudoscience

Shark Cartilage, Cancer and the Growing Threat of Pseudoscience

Toxicity and Excretion of Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) through Feed in Japanese Eel.

Sublethal Effects of Butylated Hydroxytoluene through Feed in Common Carp.

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