Tumor primary site as a prognostic factor for Merkel cell carcinoma disease-specific death

Cullison, Christopher R.; Zheng, David X.; Levoska, Melissa A.; Scott, Jeffrey F.; Bordeaux, Jeremy S.

doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2021.06.863

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Tumors involving the lip had the highest cumulative incidence of MCC-specific mortality among MCC with regional and distant metastasis (56.7% and 82.1%, respectively). The probability of MCC disease-specific death varies by primary site and may be a useful prognostic marker for MCC [ 100 ].…”

Section: Merkel Cell Carcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Infection and Merkel Cell Carcinoma

Silling

Kreuter

Gambichler

et al. 2022

Cancers

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Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) is a ubiquitous virus replicating in human dermal fibroblasts. MCPyV DNA can be detected on healthy skin in 67–90% of various body sites, and intact virions are regularly shed from the skin. Infection occurs early in life, and seropositivity increases from 37 to 42% in 1- to 6-year-olds to 92% in adults. Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare but very aggressive neuroendocrine tumor of the skin. It develops mainly on sun-exposed areas as a fast-growing, reddish nodule. Two MCC entities exist: about 80% of MCC are MCPyV-associated. Tumorigenesis is driven by viral integration into the host genome and MCPyV oncogene expression. In MCPyV-negative MCC, UV radiation causes extensive DNA damage leading to the deregulation of the cell cycle. In recent decades, MCC incidence rates have increased worldwide, e.g., in the United States, from 0.15 in 1986 to 0.7/100,000 in 2016. Risk factors for the development of MCC include male sex, older age (>75 years), fair skin, intense UV exposure, and immunosuppression. Projections suggest that due to aging populations, an increase in immunosuppressed patients, and enhanced UV exposure, MCC incidence rates will continue to rise. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial to reducing high MCC morbidity and mortality.

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Section: Merkel Cell Carcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Infection and Merkel Cell Carcinoma

Silling

Kreuter

Gambichler

et al. 2022

Cancers

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“…Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, aggressive neurocutaneous malignancy most often occurring in older White patients [ 1 ]. The estimated 5-year recurrence rate is 40–63% and mortality rate is 33–46% [ 2 , 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

T-Cell Mediated Immunity in Merkel Cell Carcinoma

Ouyang

Zheng

Agak

2022

Cancers

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Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and frequently lethal skin cancer with neuroendocrine characteristics. MCC can originate from either the presence of MCC polyomavirus (MCPyV) DNA or chronic ultraviolet (UV) exposure that can cause DNA mutations. MCC is predominant in sun-exposed regions of the body and can metastasize to regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, bone, and brain. Older, light-skinned individuals with a history of significant sun exposure are at the highest risk. Previous studies have shown that tumors containing a high number of tumor-infiltrating T-cells have favorable survival, even in the absence of MCPyV DNA, suggesting that MCPyV infection enhances T-cell infiltration. However, other factors may also play a role in the host antitumor response. Herein, we review the impact of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), mainly the CD4+, CD8+, and regulatory T-cell (Tregs) responses on the course of MCC, including their role in initiating MCPyV-specific immune responses. Furthermore, potential research avenues related to T-cell biology in MCC, as well as relevant immunotherapies are discussed.

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“…Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a highly aggressive neuroendocrine tumor with a five-year survival rate of up to 65%. 3 Similar to other cutaneous tumors, MCC typically presents in patients over age 65. 3 Innovative digital health tools have been designed to optimize skin cancer management and treatment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 3 Similar to other cutaneous tumors, MCC typically presents in patients over age 65. 3 Innovative digital health tools have been designed to optimize skin cancer management and treatment. 1 However, advanced age patients utilize these digital health tools the least among all age groups, despite being those who may benefit the most.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%