Tumor Profiles of Late Presentation Uveal Ring Melanoma With Novel Characteristics – A Case Series

Abstract

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical features, tumor characteristics, including histopathology and cytogenetic analysis, and management of patients with uveal ring melanoma in New Zealand. Methods A retrospective review was conducted on all uveal melanoma cases treated in a single national oncology center in New Zealand. The study period was from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2022 (10 years). Written consent was obtained from all patients included in this case series. Results Uveal ring melanoma of ciliary body origin ( n = 4) comprised 0.7% of all uveal melanomas ( n = 571). Ethnicity distribution was three patients of New Zealand European ancestry and one patient of Chinese/Pasifika ancestry. Three patients (75%) were symptomatic at presentation (spontaneous hyphema, glaucoma, and cataract), whereas one was asymptomatic but subsequently developed painful refractory glaucoma. All eyes underwent enucleation. Three eyes had primary iris biopsies with subsequent enucleation for refractory glaucoma and pain and one eye underwent primary enucleation. All cases demonstrated malignant tumor characteristics including diffuse 270 to 360-degree ciliary body ring growth pattern, epithelioid-cell type and presence of either BAP-1 expression loss or gain of MYC gene. Two cases (50%) developed distant organ metastasis – liver, parotid gland, and breast. Of those, one patient was deceased at the time of follow-up whereas one had completed treatment for metastases. Conclusions Uveal ring melanoma is a rare tumor that is highly invasive and malignant. When detected, prompt definitive treatment should be advocated, and patient counselling should be given regarding the high risk of developing a painful, blind eye with increased risk of metastasis in the absence of treatment.