Tumorigenic Effects of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals are Alleviated by Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) Root Extract through Suppression of AhR Expression in Mammalian Cells

Chu, Xiao; Cruz, Joseph dela; Hwang, Seong Gu; Hong, Heeok

doi:10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.13.5117

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Liquorice also exhibits ulcer‐healing properties and mild anti‐inflammatory effects. In addition, liquorice inhibits mammalian cell proliferation via cell cycle arrest (Chu et al, ). The major water‐soluble constituent of liquorice is glycyrrhizin, and this compound is partially hydrolysed by glucuronidase to aglycone glycyrrhetinic acid, which exists in the 18‐α‐glycyrrhetinic acid (18α‐GA) and 18‐β stereoisomeric forms (Wang et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible pharmacotherapy for nifedipine‐induced gingival overgrowth: 18α‐glycyrrhetinic acid inhibits human gingival fibroblast growth

Takeuchi

Hiratsuka

Arikawa

et al. 2016

British J Pharmacology

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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSEThis investigation aimed to establish the basis of a pharmacotherapy for nifedipine-induced gingival overgrowth. Gingival overgrowth has been attributed to the enhanced growth of gingival fibroblasts. In this study, we investigated the effects of 18-α-glycyrrhetinic acid (18α-GA) on growth, the cell cycle, and apoptosis and on the regulators of these processes in gingival fibroblasts isolated from patients who presented with nifedipine-induced gingival overgrowth. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACHGingival fibroblasts were cultured in medium containing 1% FBS with/without 10 μM 18α-GA for 24 or 48 h, and the cell number, cell cycle phase distribution, relative DNA content, apoptotic cell number and morphological characteristics of the cells undergoing apoptosis were measured together with the levels of proteins that regulate these processes and the level of caspase activity. KEY RESULTS18α-GA significantly decreased cell numbers and significantly increased the percentage of cells in the sub-G 1 and G 0 /G 1 phases of the cell cycle and the number of apoptotic cells. Nuclear condensation and fragmentation of cells into small apoptotic bodies appeared in the fibroblasts treated with 18α-GA. In addition, 18α-GA significantly decreased the protein levels of cyclins A and D1, CDKs 2 and 6, phosphorylated Rb (ser 780 and ser 807/811 ), Bcl-xL and Bcl-2 and increased the protein levels of p27, cytosolic cytochrome c, pro-caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-3 and the activities of caspases 3 and 9. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS18α-GA inhibited gingival fibroblast growth by suppressing the G 1 /S phase transition and inducing apoptosis. In conclusion, 18α-GA may be used as a pharmacotherapy for nifedipine-induced gingival overgrowth.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible pharmacotherapy for nifedipine‐induced gingival overgrowth: 18α‐glycyrrhetinic acid inhibits human gingival fibroblast growth

Takeuchi

Hiratsuka

Arikawa

et al. 2016

British J Pharmacology

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“…In this present study, nanoparticles were prepared with crude protein extract obtained from Liquorice (Glycerrhiza glabra L.) roots (Fabaceae) as carrier molecule and with broad-spectrum anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil as a model drug [9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation, Optimization and in Vitro Evaluation of 5-Fluorouracil Loaded Liquorice Crude Protein Nanoparticles for Sustained Drug Delivery Using Box-Behnken Design

Geetha

Velraj

2021

Int J App Pharm

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Objective: To formulate, optimize and evaluate 5-fluorouracil loaded liquorice crude protein nanoparticles for sustained drug delivery using Box-Behnken design. Methods: 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) loaded liquorice crude protein (LCP) nanoparticles were prepared by desolvation method using ethanol-water (1:2 ratio), Tween-80 (2%v/v) as stabilizing agent and gluteraldehyde (8% v/v) as cross linking agent. The optimization of prepared nanoparticles was carried out using Box-Behnken design with 3 factors 2 levels and 3 responses. The independent variables were A)5-FU concentration B)LCP concentration and C) sonication time while the responses were R1) Drug entrapment efficiency R2) Drug loading efficiency and R3) Particle size. The correlation between factors and responses were studied through response surface plots and mathematical equations. The nanoparticles were evaluated for FTIR, physicochemical properties like particle size and zeta potential by Photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) and surface morphology by TEM. The entrapment efficiency, drug loading efficiency and in vitro drug release studies in PBS pH 7.4 (24 h) were carried out. The observed values were found to be in close agreement with the predicted value obtained from the optimization process. Results: 5-fluorouracil loaded LCP nanoparticles were prepared by desolvation method, the optimization was carried out by Box-Behnken design and the final formulation was evaluated for particle size (301.1 nm), zeta-potential (-25.8mV), PDI(0.226), with entrapment efficiency (64.07%), drug loading efficiency (28.54%), in vitro drug release (65.2% in 24 h) respectively. The formulated nanoparticles show Higuchi model drug release kinetics with sustained drug delivery for 24 h in pH7.4 buffer. Conclusion: The results were proved to be the most valuable for the sustained delivery of 5-Fluorouracil using liquorice crude protein as carrier. 5-FU–LCP nanoparticles were prepared using Tween-80 as stabilizing agent and gluteraldehyde as cross-linking agent to possess ideal sustained drug release characteristics.

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“…In oriental medicine, CR has been used to treat menstrual irregularity, menstrual pain, and menopause for woman [17, 18]. In previous study, CR has been reported to have various biological activities such as angiogenesis [19], anti-cancer [20, 21], anti-oxidant [22] and anti-inflammatory effect [23]. Also, various studies have shown that anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects are associated with osteoclast inhibition [24–26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water extract of Cnidii Rhizoma suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in RAW 264.7 cell by inhibiting NFATc1/c-Fos signaling and prevents ovariectomized bone loss in SD-rat

Lee

Kim

et al. 2019

BMC Complement Altern Med

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Background Cnidii Rhizoma is the dried root stem of Cnidium officinale Makino. Cnidii Rhizoma (CR) has been used to treat menstrual irregularity, menstrual pain, and menopause in Korea. However, the effects and mechanisms of CR on RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis pathway remain to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated the effects of CR on the inhibition of bone resorption of osteoclast and its mechanism RANK signaling pathway. Methods The anti-osteoclastogenesis of water extract of CR was measured using RAW 264.7 cell. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) assay, pit assay, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blot were performed. Moreover, the effects of CR were determined with an in vivo model using ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Results CR extract suppressed osteoclastogenesis, its activity and bone resorption activity through decreasing gene of osteoclast-related such as nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1), c-Fos, etc. Moreover, CR extract prevented the bone loss in OVX rats. Conclusion These results show that CR has a positive effect on menopausal osteoporosis by suppressing osteoclastogenesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-019-2611-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Tumorigenic Effects of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals are Alleviated by Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) Root Extract through Suppression of AhR Expression in Mammalian Cells

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

Possible pharmacotherapy for nifedipine‐induced gingival overgrowth: 18α‐glycyrrhetinic acid inhibits human gingival fibroblast growth

Possible pharmacotherapy for nifedipine‐induced gingival overgrowth: 18α‐glycyrrhetinic acid inhibits human gingival fibroblast growth

Formulation, Optimization and in Vitro Evaluation of 5-Fluorouracil Loaded Liquorice Crude Protein Nanoparticles for Sustained Drug Delivery Using Box-Behnken Design

Water extract of Cnidii Rhizoma suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in RAW 264.7 cell by inhibiting NFATc1/c-Fos signaling and prevents ovariectomized bone loss in SD-rat

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