Tumors of Bone

Thompson, K. G.; Dittmer, Keren E.

doi:10.1002/9781119181200.ch10

Cited by 71 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 254 publications

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“…ABCs have been documented in dogs of 6 months‐13 years and are filled with central blood‐filled chambers lined by fibroblasts as opposed to endothelial cells on histopathology. Vascular spaces are separated by fibro‐osseous tissue that includes multinucleated cells, plump osteoblasts, and osteoid formation . In human medicine, ABC cytology can be markedly hemodilute with osteoclasts, fibroblasts, hemosiderin‐laden macrophages, and possible bone marrow elements .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fibrous dysplasia is also an expansile lesion, which has a cystic/radiolucent radiographic appearance that is surrounded by a narrow rim of bone. However, histologically, the cystic center is filled with a fibro‐osseous tissue of uniform mesenchymal cells with thin, disorganized trabeculae of woven bone, and possible cystic regions with osteoclastic bone resorption . Cytology of these lesions in humans can include osteoblasts, collagen bands, and fragments of bone, but sampling often does not yield adequate diagnostic material for cytologic assessment …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multiloculated solitary (unicameral) bone cyst in a young dog

Roode

Shive

Hoorntje

et al. 2018

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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A 20-month-old female spayed Staffordshire Terrier (22.3 kg) presented to the Orthopedic Surgery Service at North Carolina State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital for evaluation of a 6-week history of toe-touching to nonweight-bearing lameness in the right hind limb. Radiographs of the right stifle revealed a multiloculated lytic lesion of the distal femur, with a large open lytic zone centrally, numerous osseous septations peripherally, and focal areas of cortical thinning and loss. An aspirate of the right distal femoral lesion yielded mildly cloudy serosanguineous fluid. Cytologic examination of the fluid revealed a pleomorphic population of discrete cells that exhibited marked anisocytosis and anisokaryosis and a variable nuclear-to-cytoplasmic (N:C) ratio, which were interpreted as probable neoplastic cells, with few macrophages, and evidence of hemorrhage. Given the clinical signs of pain, lesion size, and concern for malignant neoplasia, amputation of the right hind limb was performed. Histologically, the lesion had undulating walls 1-3 mm thick with a continuous outer layer of dense fibrous tissue and an inner layer composed of reactive cancellous bone with no cortical compacta remaining. Remnants of thin fibrous or fibro-osseous septa projected from the bony wall into the cyst lumen. The final histologic diagnosis was a benign multiloculated solitary (unicameral) bone cyst of the distal right femur. Based on the histopathologic findings, it was speculated that the cells identified on cytology were a mixture of developing osteoclasts, osteoblasts, endothelial, and stromal cells. This is the first report describing the cytologic examination of a solitary bone cyst in veterinary medicine.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiloculated solitary (unicameral) bone cyst in a young dog

Roode

Shive

Hoorntje

et al. 2018

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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“…These tumours are generally slow growing, and clinical signs vary depending on the anatomic location of the primary tumour. The primary tumours have a characteristic round and smoothly marginated “popcorn ball” appearance on radiographs, and a similar finely granular appearance in the bone window of computed tomography (CT) scans . MLO is most often diagnosed in middle‐aged to older medium or large breed dogs; however, the tumour has also been reported in small and giant breed dogs …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stereotactic radiation therapy for canine multilobular osteochondrosarcoma: Eight cases

Sweet

Nolan

Yoshikawa

et al. 2019

Vet Comparative Oncology

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Radiotherapy is often considered in the management of canine multilobular osteochondrosarcoma (MLO), but its efficacy against bulky MLO tumours is poorly described. This retrospective case series describes the clinical outcomes of pet dogs with MLO treated with a stereotactic radiation therapy (SRT) prescription of 30 Gy in three consecutive daily 10 Gy fractions. Dogs with an imaging (via computed tomography [CT] scan) and/or pathologic diagnosis of MLO were included. Patient demographics, tumour characteristics, radiation plan dosimetry, toxicity and outcome data were obtained retrospectively from the records. The median progression‐free survival time (MPFST) and median overall survival time (MST) were calculated using a LOGLOG test. Eight dogs were included. None had evidence of metastasis at the time of SRT. Clinical signs associated with the MLO included a mass noted by owner, stertor, vestibular signs, exophthalmos and abnormal mentation. Of the five dogs that had CT scans performed 3 to 9 months after SRT, tumour volume decreased by 26% to 87% in four dogs and increased by 32% in one dog. Late radiation toxicity was documented in three dogs (VRTOG Grade 1 skin and/or ocular, n = 2; Grade 3 central nervous system, n = 1). Confirmed local disease progression (n = 3; two were treated with a second course of SRT) and suspected pulmonary metastasis (n = 2) occurred 90 to 315 days after SRT. The MPFST was 223 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 144.5‐276.5 days). The MST was 329 days (IQR: 241.5‐408 days). This protocol was well‐tolerated, but the duration of response was short‐lived.

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“…The lack of reliable published data affects our ability to determine the clinical course and response to treatment of canine appendicular HSA and tOSA. Secondary sources describe poorer outcomes and different treatment considerations for dogs with HSA or tOSA compared with other forms of OSA, but scientific evidence to support these views is lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%