Tumors of the Spine in Children

Rossi, Andrea; Morana, Giovanni; Tortori-Donati, Paolo

doi:10.1016/j.nic.2006.11.004

Cited by 56 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…108,109 Chloromas are highly vascularized lesions composed of immature granulocytes. 110 On MR imaging, these lesions are isointense to hyperintense on T1-weighted images and isointense to hypointense on T2-weighted images (Fig 12) and may demonstrate moderate-to-marked contrast enhancement. 110 These tumors tend to respond rapidly to first-line therapies (ie, chemotherapy and radiation).…”

Section: Lymphoma and Leukemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…110 On MR imaging, these lesions are isointense to hyperintense on T1-weighted images and isointense to hypointense on T2-weighted images (Fig 12) and may demonstrate moderate-to-marked contrast enhancement. 110 These tumors tend to respond rapidly to first-line therapies (ie, chemotherapy and radiation). 108 Unlike the high T1 signal intensity seen in the bone marrow of healthy children, the bone marrow in children with lymphoma and leukemia is low in signal intensity on T1-weighted images (Fig 13).…”

Section: Lymphoma and Leukemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Calcification is the single most suggestive feature of gangliogliomas, which may be otherwise indistinguishable from astrocytomas and ependymomas. 110,119 The solid portions of this tumor are isointense to hypointense on T1-weighted images and heterogeneous with areas of isointensity and hyperintensity on T2-weighted images. Contrast enhancement can be focal or patchy or occasionally absent.…”

Section: Fig 13mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Perifocal edema can vary from absent or limited 118 to extensive. 110 Because most of the intramedullary tumors are benign, Jallo et al 72 offer a rationale for radical surgery, thus obviating radiation and chemotherapy in these patients. However, given that the prognosis for malignant intramedullary tumors is usually poor, surgery in these children should be limited to conservative debulking.…”

Section: Fig 13mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ganglioglioma is an intramedullary tumor that constitutes nearly 30% of intramedullary tumors in children younger than 3 years of age. 75,110 In a series of 27 patients with gangliogliomas, Patel et al 118 reported the average age as 12 years. Gangliogliomas are composed of a mixture of neoplastic mature neuronal elements (ganglion cells) and neoplastic glial elements.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Imaging of Back Pain in Children

Rodriguez¹,

Poussaint²

2009

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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SUMMARY:While back pain presents less frequently in children than in adults, it still poses a significant clinical challenge with respect to making a firm diagnosis and developing an effective treatment plan. When children have back pain and medical attention is sought, an underlying pathology is usually suspected. Pediatric patients are evaluated, first, with a complete clinical history and examination and, second, by an imaging work-up that is based on initial findings, including the child's age and size, signs and symptoms, and suspected etiology. This article describes 1) the epidemiology of back pain in children, 2) the imaging work-up used, and 3) the correlation of imaging findings with disease entities that may cause back pain in the pediatric patient. The list of diseases giving rise to back pain is not meant to be exhaustive but rather reflective of the most commonly identified pathologies and disorders among young children and adolescents, from athletic injuries to lethal cancers.ABBREVIATIONS: ALARA ϭ as low as reasonably achievable; ESR ϭ erythrocyte sedimentation rate; FSE ϭ fast spin-echo; 18 F ϭ fluorine 18; LCH ϭ Langerhans cell histiocytosis; LDH ϭ lactate dehydrogenase; MBP ϭ mechanical back pain; PET ϭ positron-emission tomography; RFA ϭ radio-frequency ablation, SPECT ϭ single-photon emission computed tomography; STIR ϭ short tau inversion recovery; 99m Tc-MDP ϭ technetium 99m methylene diphosphonate; WHO ϭ World Health Organization B ack pain in children presents less frequently than in adults. The incidence of back pain in adults has been estimated to be as high as 60%-80% 1 ; the actual incidence of back pain in children, however, is unknown. Back pain in children presenting to the emergency department was originally thought to be an uncommon complaint, 2 reflecting significant underlying pathology compared with adults. Although recent studies have shown an increased prevalence of back pain in children, [3][4][5][6][7] relatively few patients receive medical attention.

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