2006
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2006.01.003
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Tumour-associated macrophages are a distinct M2 polarised population promoting tumour progression: Potential targets of anti-cancer therapy

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Cited by 1,319 publications
(1,175 citation statements)
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“…In the context of a specific immune response, the cytokine milieu compels mononuclear phagocytes to express specialized and polarized functional properties [22][23][24]. Activated polarized M1 macrophages, which are induced by IFN-g alone or together with microbial stimuli such as LPS or cytokines such as TNF-a and GM-CSF, are proficient producers of effector molecules and inflammatory cytokines, and mediate resistance against intracellular parasites and tumours [22][23][24].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…In the context of a specific immune response, the cytokine milieu compels mononuclear phagocytes to express specialized and polarized functional properties [22][23][24]. Activated polarized M1 macrophages, which are induced by IFN-g alone or together with microbial stimuli such as LPS or cytokines such as TNF-a and GM-CSF, are proficient producers of effector molecules and inflammatory cytokines, and mediate resistance against intracellular parasites and tumours [22][23][24].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Activated polarized M1 macrophages, which are induced by IFN-g alone or together with microbial stimuli such as LPS or cytokines such as TNF-a and GM-CSF, are proficient producers of effector molecules and inflammatory cytokines, and mediate resistance against intracellular parasites and tumours [22][23][24]. On the contrary, the alternative M2 form of macrophage activation arising from exposure to IL-4 or IL-13 and various other stimuli generally shows a high degree of scavenging capacity, facilitates tissue repair and angiogenesis, and favours tumour progression [22][23][24]. The expression profile of differentially polarized human macrophages has been characterized in relation to cytokines, chemokines and growth factors [25].…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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