Tumour-cell invasion and migration: diversity and escape mechanisms

Friedl, Peter; Wolf, Katarina

doi:10.1038/nrc1075

Cited by 2,828 publications

(2,702 citation statements)

References 141 publications

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“…Cells extend protrusions with lamellipodia or filopodia to initiate extracellular matrix (ECM) recognition and binding to ECM, which are the prerequisites for the onset of cell motility. 41 The extended projected area of A549R0-LAMC2 cells in our biophysical assay may be the result of LAMC2-induced cell protrusion and contractile force, which are required for cell motility. Moreover LAMC2 IHC of lung ADC TMA showed that LAMC2 was predominant in tumor cells at the boundary between tumor and stroma, further supporting a role of LAMC2 in tumor cell spreading.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

LAMC2 enhances the metastatic potential of lung adenocarcinoma

et al. 2015

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Lung cancer is the number one cancer killer, and metastasis is the main cause of high mortality in lung cancer patients. However, mechanisms underlying the development of lung cancer metastasis remain unknown. Using genome-wide transcriptional analysis in an experimental metastasis model, we identified laminin γ2 (LAMC2), an epithelial basement membrane protein, to be significantly upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma metastatic cells. Elevated LAMC2 increased traction force, migration, and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells accompanied by the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). LAMC2 knockdown decreased traction force, migration, and invasion accompanied by EMT reduction in vitro, and attenuated metastasis in mice. LAMC2 promoted migration and invasion via EMT that was integrin β1-and ZEB1-dependent. High LAMC2 was significantly correlated with the mesenchymal marker vimentin expression in lung adenocarcinomas, and with higher risk of recurrence or death in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. We suggest that LAMC2 promotes metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma via EMT and may be a potential therapeutic target. Cell Death and Differentiation (2015) 22, 1341-1352; doi:10.1038/cdd.2014.228; published online 16 January 2015Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death. 1 Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for~80-85% of lung cancers. 2 Only 20-30% of NSCLC are radically resectable and the majority of lung cancer patients succumb to the disease. The high mortality of NSCLC is largely attributable to late diagnosis, when metastases are present. 2 The molecular mechanisms governing metastasis of NSCLC remain poorly understood.Metastasis is a complex, multistep process, involving migration and invasion of malignant cells from the primary tumor to blood vessels, intravasation, and survival in the circulation, and ultimately extravasation, colonization, and formation of secondary tumor at distant target organs. 3 Each of these events is classically driven by the acquisition of genetic and/or epigenetic traits in tumor cells and the cooperation of nonneoplastic stromal cells. Increased or decreased expression of several genes in tumors has been found to be correlated with metastasis. 3 However, specific gene alterations that drive NSCLC metastasis remain largely elusive.Laminin γ2 (LAMC2) is a subunit of the heterotrimeric glycoprotein laminin-332 (LAM-332, formerly laminin-5), consisting of the α3, β3, and γ2 chains. Although LAMC2 is an important structural component of the epithelial basement membrane (BM) in various normal tissues, 4 there is an emerging evidence for a pathological role of LAMC2 monomer in cancer. It has been demonstrated that LAMC2 protein expression correlates with clinical outcome of stage I lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) patients. 5,6 In addition, noncontinuous expression pattern of LAMC2 predicts the prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 7 and secreted LAMC2 in the serum is associated with the aggressiveness of pancreatic cancer. 8 Besides, LAMC2 monom...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

LAMC2 enhances the metastatic potential of lung adenocarcinoma

et al. 2015

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“…Re-expression of active merlin suppresses MM cell invasion, spreading and motility Increased cell motility and invasiveness in vitro is thought to correlate with an enhanced malignant and invasive phenotype in vivo (Friedl and Wolf, 2003). As MMs are highly aggressive and invasive tumors, we investigated the effects of re-expressing merlin in two MM cell lines (Meso17, Meso25) that lack expression of endogenous NF2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re-expression of the tumor suppressor NF2/merlin inhibits invasiveness in mesothelioma cells and negatively regulates FAK

et al. 2006

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The neurofibromatosis type 2 NF2 gene product, merlin, is a tumor suppressor frequently inactivated in malignant mesothelioma (MM). To investigate a possible correlation between merlin inactivation and MM invasiveness, we restored merlin expression in NF2-deficient MM cells. Re-expression of merlin markedly inhibited cell motility, spreading and invasiveness, properties connected with the malignant phenotype of MM cells. To test directly whether merlin inactivation promotes invasion in a nonmalignant system, we used small interfering RNA to silence Nf2 in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and found that downregulation of merlin resulted in enhanced cell spreading and invasion. To delineate signaling events connected with this phenotype, we investigated the effect of merlin expression on focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a key component of cellular pathways affecting migration and invasion. Expression of merlin attenuated FAK phosphorylation at the critical phosphorylation site Tyr397 and disrupted the interaction of FAK with its binding partners Src and p85, the regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase. In addition, NF2-null MM cells stably overexpressing FAK showed increased invasiveness, which decreased significantly when merlin expression was restored. Collectively, these findings suggest that merlin inactivation is a critical step in MM pathogenesis and is related, at least in part, with upregulation of FAK activity.

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“…1 Migration and invasion of tumor cells is considerably facilitated (but not entirely dependent) by the expression of proteases digesting the extracellular matrix. 27 For glioblastomas, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and few serine proteases have drawn most attention. 28 Secreted MMP-2 (gelatinase A), MMP-9 (gelatinase B), urokinase and other secreted proteases, as well as cell-surface proteases involved in their activation like MT1-MMP or MT2-MMP (membrane type matrix metalloproteinases-1 and -2) seem to play a critical role in this migratory process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Matrix‐degrading proteases ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5 (disintegrins and metalloproteinases with thrombospondin motifs 4 and 5) are expressed in human glioblastomas

Held‐Feindt

Paredes

Blömer

et al. 2005

Intl Journal of Cancer

128

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Brain tumors, in particular glioblastomas, have a high morbidity and mortality, mainly due to their invasive nature. A prerequisite for this invasiveness is cell migration based on increased expression of proteases digesting the extracellular matrix. Brevican, an important extracellular proteoglycan that is upregulated in glioblastomas, can be degraded by certain proteases. We demonstrate that in human glioblastomas secretory proteases like ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5 (aggrecanases 1 and 2; ADAMTS 5 a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) are expressed on the mRNA and protein levels in considerable amounts. Realtime RT-PCR shows a higher levels of ADAMTS4 and 5 expressions in glioblastomas in situ, compared to cultured human glioblastoma cells. The upregulation of these proteases in vivo by cytokines may explain this difference. In vitro, transforming growth factor-b induces ADAMTS4, but less ADAMTS5, and interleukin1b ADAMTS5, but not ADAMTS4. As demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy in situ, ADAMTS5 expression is confined to proliferating glioblastoma cells of surgical tumor sections and with lower intensity to astroglial cells in normal brain sections, as opposed to brevican. In vitro, glioblastoma-derived ADAMTS5 degrades recombinant human brevican to several smaller fragments. Our results show that ADAMTS4 and 5 are upregulated on proliferating glioblastoma cells and these proteases may contribute to their invasive potential. ' 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.Key words: glioblastoma; invasion; proteases; extracellular matrix; degradation; cytokines High-grade glial tumors (anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme) are the most frequent brain tumors in adults. 1,2 Despite multimodal therapeutic efforts, the mean survival time is only 9-12 months for glioblastoma multiforme (WHO Grade IV) and 2 years for anaplastic astrocytoma (WHO Grade III). The ability of individual tumor cells to infiltrate brain tissue is the primary reason for this poor prognosis. Individual tumor cells (''guerrilla cells'') can migrate more than 4.0-7.0 cm from the gross tumor into the surrounding normal brain tissue. 3 In part, the migratory and invasive behavior is a consequence of tumor cell interaction with specific components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Brain ECM components include laminin, collagen IV, tenascin, fibronectin and proteoglycans. 4 The glycosaminoglycan hyaluronic acid (HA) plays a central role in cellular proliferation, differentiation and migration, and may be a key element in tumor spreading. 5 BEHAB (brain enriched hyaluronan binding)/brevican is a recently identified HA binding protein that belongs to the lectican family. 6-9 BEHAB/brevican expression is developmentally regulated in the central nervous system, in particular during periods of glial cell proliferation and migration. 9 Accordingly, BEHAB/brevican is upregulated in the vast majority of surgical glioblastomas, 9-11 and expression levels and proteolytic cleavage of BEHAB/brevican seem to correlate with tumo...

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Tumour-cell invasion and migration: diversity and escape mechanisms

Cited by 2,828 publications

References 141 publications

LAMC2 enhances the metastatic potential of lung adenocarcinoma

LAMC2 enhances the metastatic potential of lung adenocarcinoma

Re-expression of the tumor suppressor NF2/merlin inhibits invasiveness in mesothelioma cells and negatively regulates FAK

Matrix‐degrading proteases ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5 (disintegrins and metalloproteinases with thrombospondin motifs 4 and 5) are expressed in human glioblastomas

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