Tumour of the Urinary Bladder as an Occupational Disease in the Rubber Industry in England and Wales

Abstract

TECHNOLOGICAL HIsTORY Rubber technology is a vast and complicated subject, but fortunately only a few aspects of it now appear to be relevant to the present inquiry. Most of the rubber industry is concerned with the production of tyres. Barron (1947), to whose book the present authors are indebted for much of the technological history in this paper, states:. about 80 per cent. of all rubber is used in the motor industry, mainly for tyres ... A large proportion 39 copyright.

Association between the high risk occupations and bladder cancer in Iran: A case-control study

“…This finding was compatible with the findings of similar studies carried out in Spain and Western Europe [6,10,12,23]. It may be due to exposure to many hazards such as diesel exhaust fumes [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19], smoke, oil and oil compounds. Diesel exhaust fumes contain many aromatic nitro compounds which are capable of creating some intermediaries such as aromatic amines in the body [19][20].…”

“…These chemicals are used in industries such as paint manufactures, rubber and some other industries [9]. The studies showed an extraordinary carcinogenic potential of β-naphthylamine in humans with a 200-fold elevated bladder cancer risk [17]. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) [5,[8][9] and motor diesel exhaust [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] were also related to the elevated risk of bladder cancer.…”

The Copenhagen case-referent study on bladder cancer. Risks among drivers, painters and certain other occupations.

“…Increased risks have been recorded among persons in industries using Reprint requests to Dr OM Jensen, Danish Cancer Registry, Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, Danish Cancer Society, Landskronagade 66, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. 4 aromatic amines, such as among rubber workers in Great Britain and among dyers in the textile industry. Increased risks have also been reported among hair dyers, machinists, and truck drivers (4,7,18,21,23).…”

Carcinogens in rubber production in the Soviet Union.

“…The preparatory shop was characterized by very unfavorable work conditions. There were high levels of diaphene (2-7 times the occupational exposure limit), soot (5 times the occupational exposure limit), and thiram and talc (10-20 times the occupational exposure limit) -see table 1. At subsequent stages of the rubber production (calendering, cutting, production, and vulcanization) the average concentrations of dust and soot were 1.3 (SE 0.14) and O.OI5(SE 0.002) mg .…”

“…As assessed from epidemiologic evidence obtained in Great Britain (1,2), the United States (3-6), the Nordic countries, and elsewhere (7,8) by experts of the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), the production of rubber involves a high carcinogenic risk for humans (8). For rubber workers, causal relationships have been identified between exposure to aromatic amines and bladder cancer and between exposure to solvents and leukemia.…”