Tuna metabolism and energetics

Korsmeyer, Keith E.; Dewar, Heidi

doi:10.1016/s1546-5098(01)19003-5

Cited by 125 publications

(118 citation statements)

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“…The high COT can be attributed to their high standard metabolic rates (9) and the exponential increase in energy requirements with swim speed (26). A previous comparison of swimming energetics of fishes studied in water tunnels provided a similar result, but with a smaller dataset including only bony fishes (27). Although our estimates for COT are inevitably based on many assumptions (e.g., a universal Q 10 value among fishes, and the extrapolation of scaling relationship of basal metabolic rate in large species; Materials and Methods), our analyses indicate that any energetic benefit of increased prey encounter rates is, at least partly, counteracted by the higher energetic costs incurred by swimming faster and being endothermic.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 65%

Comparative analyses of animal-tracking data reveal ecological significance of endothermy in fishes

Watanabe

Goldman

Caselle

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

115

139

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Despite long evolutionary separations, several sharks and tunas share the ability to maintain slow-twitch, aerobic red muscle (RM) warmer than ambient water. Proximate causes of RM endothermy are well understood, but ultimate causes are unclear. Two advantages often proposed are thermal niche expansion and elevated cruising speeds. The thermal niche hypothesis is generally supported, because fishes with RM endothermy often exhibit greater tolerance to broad temperature ranges. In contrast, whether fishes with RM endothermy cruise faster, and achieve any ecological benefits from doing so, remains unclear. Here, we compiled data recorded by modern animal-tracking tools for a variety of free-swimming marine vertebrates. Using phylogenetically informed allometry, we show that both cruising speeds and maximum annual migration ranges of fishes with RM endothermy are 2-3 times greater than fishes without it, and comparable to nonfish endotherms (i.e., penguins and marine mammals). The estimated cost of transport of fishes with RM endothermy is twice that of fishes without it. We suggest that the high energetic cost of RM endothermy in fishes is offset by the benefit of elevated cruising speeds, which not only increase prey encounter rates, but also enable larger-scale annual migrations and potentially greater access to seasonally available resources. marine predator | swim speed | migration | body temperature I n 1835, the British physician John Davy reported that skipjack tuna have body temperatures 10°C higher than ambient waters and considered this fish an exception to the general rule that fishes are cold-blooded (1). It is currently known that at least 14 species of tuna (family Scombridae) and five species of shark (four species in the family Lamnidae and one species in the family Alopiidae) have the ability to retain metabolic heat via vascular countercurrent heat exchangers, and to maintain the temperature of slow-twitch, aerobic red muscle (hereafter denoted RM) significantly above that of the ambient water (2-7). This "RM endothermy" (see SI Materials and Methods for terminology) in fishes represents a remarkable example of convergent evolution, because bony fishes and cartilaginous fishes diverged as long as 450 million years ago (8). In addition to elevated RM temperature, tunas and endothermic sharks share a number of morphological (e.g., medially located RM), physiological (e.g., high metabolic rates), and ecological (e.g., highly mobile and predatory lifestyle) characteristics (9).RM endothermy is an energetically expensive thermal strategy (9), and its convergent evolution indicates that the extra energetic costs incurred by RM endothermy can be outweighed by some ecological advantages. This topic has been discussed intensively, and two primary, nonmutually exclusive hypotheses have been proposed: expansion of the thermal niche and elevated cruising speeds (2). The thermal niche hypothesis states that fishes with RM endothermy can tolerate a broader range of water temperatures and, thus, can expand thei...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 65%

Comparative analyses of animal-tracking data reveal ecological significance of endothermy in fishes

Watanabe

Goldman

Caselle

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

115

139

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Similarly, the measured metabolic rates of tuna exceed those of other well studied fishes (salmonoids) by approximately threefold, Korsmeyer and Dewar (2001), thus explaining the higher COT opt of Yellowfin tuna compared to salmonoid fish. The high COT opt of penguins may be attributed to the reports that some diving birds incur high substantial thermoregulatory energetic costs, Leeuw et al (1998);Grémillet et al (2005).…”

Section: Optimum Cost Of Transportmentioning

confidence: 89%

Nature in engineering for monitoring the oceans: comparison of the energetic costs of marine animals and AUVs

Phillips

Haroutunian

Man

et al. 2012

Further Advances in Unmanned Marine Vehicles

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The range of physiological adaptations possessed by marine animals allowing them to successfully operate in the marine environment is a plentiful source of inspiration for the designers of Autonomous Underwater Vehicles. This chapter compares the total energetic cost of straight line swimming for both marine animals and AUVs, using cost of transport (COT) as a comparative metric. COT is a normalised measure of the energetic cost of transporting the animal's or vehicle's mass over a unit distance. It includes non propulsion power requirements as well as considering the energy lost by actuators and mechanical couplings and energy lost in the wake. Comparisons presented in this chapter show that marine animals typically have higher optimum COT than engineered systems of equivalent size. However parallels may be drawn, for example, to increase range both marine animals and AUVs appear to favour reducing non-propulsion power costs and travelling slowly to ensure operating at the minimum COT.

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“…Oxygen is a critically limiting factor in large pelagic fish because of its direct effect on 506 physiology (Korsmeyer and Dewar 2001). This variable was not included in our models 507 because it is not currently limiting within the depths of our analysis (i.e.…”

Section: Realism and Accuracy Of Model Projections 498mentioning

confidence: 99%

Trailing edges projected to move faster than leading edges for large pelagic fish habitats under climate change

Robinson

Hobday

Possingham

et al. 2015

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

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Trailing edges projected to move faster than leading edges for large pelagic fish habitats under climate change, Deep-Sea Research II, http://dx. doi.org/10. 1016/j.dsr2.2014.04.007 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting galley proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. rates of movement in species habitats. We compared projected shifts in the core habitat of 37 nine large pelagic fish species (five tuna, two billfish and two shark species) off the east coast 38 of Australia at different spatial points (centre, leading and trailing edges of the core habitat), 39 during different seasons (summer and winter), in the near- (2030) will shift faster than the trailing edge, but there are few projections or observations in large 51 pelagic fish to validate this assumption. We found that projected shifts at the trailing edge 52were greater than at the centre and leading of core habitats in all large pelagic fish included in 53 our study. Faster shifts at species trailing edges were due to weaker spatial gradients in 54 temperature in the north than in the south of the study region, in conjunction with relatively 55 constant rates of warming across latitudes. Rather than assuming that leading edges will 56 always move faster, this study suggests that spatial gradients of temperature could be 57 important in determining differences in shifts at different points in species core habitat. 58 59Running title: trailing edges speed up for pelagic fishes 60 61 62 3

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Tuna metabolism and energetics

Cited by 125 publications

References 100 publications

Comparative analyses of animal-tracking data reveal ecological significance of endothermy in fishes

Comparative analyses of animal-tracking data reveal ecological significance of endothermy in fishes

Nature in engineering for monitoring the oceans: comparison of the energetic costs of marine animals and AUVs

Trailing edges projected to move faster than leading edges for large pelagic fish habitats under climate change

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