Tunable copper complexes with functional ligands: A promising strategy for green primary explosives

NIR light-driven deflagration of energetic copper complexes through photothermal effect

“…In addition, the 50% firing height ( H 50 ) of 1 and 2 are 10 cm and 14 cm, respectively, which are improved as compared with 7.3 cm of crystalline LA. 14 Nevertheless, 3 cannot be ignited with the H 50 value as low as 5 cm. In the limit range of the apparatus with a capacitance of 0.2 μF and a voltage of 10 kV, coordination complexes 1–3 also show strong resistance to the electrostatic discharge, which improves the safety in the charging process.…”

“…Due to their facile syntheses, diverse structures and tunable properties, coordination complexes are regarded as promising green energy materials, which have been investigated in propellants, explosives, pyrotechnics, etc. 10–15 Through a coordination chemistry strategy, nitrogen-rich organics including azido, furazan, and heterocyclic compounds can be assembled to form energetic coordination complexes, 16–26 and the structure and property relationship could be precisely studied by crystalline structure analysis at a molecular level. More importantly, through the coordination assembly with transition metal ions, absorption bands of the resultant energetic compounds can extend to the visible and near-infrared (NIR) regions through the d–d transition, consequently achieving ignition with NIR lasers.…”

Sensitive structural motifs separately distributed in azide-based 3D EMOFs: a primary explosive with an excellent initiation ability and enhanced stability

“…The thermal decomposition temperatures of 1 and 2 were both much higher than 180 °C needed to meet practical application requirements. The thermal decomposition temperature of 1 was much higher than those of the CA-based energetic compounds, such as CA ( T dec = 205 °C), 46 Cu-MTZ ( T dec = 148 °C), 28 Cu-NET (Cu-NET = [Cu(N 3 ) 2 (1-NET)] n , 1-NET = 1-nitratoethyl-5 H -tetrazole, T dec = 122 °C), 6 Cu-2-MAT ( T dec = 158 °C), 30 MOFT-CA ( T dec = 204 °C), 7 and CA-PC (copper azide@porous carbon hybrids, T dec = 210 °C). 47 Moreover, compound 1 could maintain its good stability for 3 d at 150 °C (Fig.…”

“…[21][22][23][24][25] Transition metal azide-based energetic compounds have a good initiation capability, and consequently have attracted extensive attention in the field of primary explosives. [26][27][28][29][30] One design approach is to aim for metal azide-based energetic composites wrapped by insensitive materials through electrochemical azidation or a solid-gas in situ synthesis technique to reduce their ESD, 7,[31][32][33] such as the reported MOFT-CA (CA@porous carbon) shown in Scheme 1a. 7 Another efficient approach is the direct synthesis of azide-based energetic metal-organic frameworks (EMOFs).…”

“…The synthetic process of this strategy is simple and the obtained EMOFs usually exhibit excellent energetic performances, such as the reported Cu-MTZ ([Cu(N 3 ) 2 (MTZ)] n , MTZ = 1-methyl-5 H -tetrazole) 28 and Cu-2-MAT ([Cu 3 (N 3 ) 6 (2-MAT) 2 ] n , 2-MAT = 1-methyl-5-aminotetrazole). 30 For instance, 2D Cu-MTZ has a higher detonation ability than LA. Meanwhile, the sensitivities toward impact, friction, and static electricity of Cu-MTZ are significantly lower than that of CA (Scheme 1b).…”