Tunable dispersion compensation in a 160-Gb/s TDM system by a voltage controlled chirped fiber Bragg grating

Pre-Equalizing Electro-Optic Modulator Utilizing Polarization-Reversed Ferro-Electric Crystal Substrate

“…8. We measured the transfer function response of the fabricated pre-equalizing EOM by utilizing the variable dispersion compensator (VIPA [10], [11]), which can generate optical dispersion effects equivalent to 0 to 20 km-long silica fiber cables. From a microwave oscillator, a single-tone microwave signal from 8 to 24 GHz was supplied to the fabricated pre-equalizing EOM.…”

“…Despite this, there may be a power consumption issue; higher electrical power is necessary for signal processing and cooling as the bit-rate becomes faster. Dispersion compensation fibers are also applicable for the distortion compensation [9], [10]. However, their operational wavelength range is essentially limited.…”

Pulse broadening induced by dispersion fluctuations in optical fibers

“…Such variations are static, i.e., they do not change with time. Second, environmental changes such as temperature fluctuations can introduce time-dependent changes in the fiber dispersion [11][12][13][14]. Such changes are relatively small but can add to considerable fluctuations for long-haul fiber links, especially at high bit rates, for which the requirements on accumulative dispersion become quite stringent.…”

Automatic DGD and GVD compensation at 640 Gb/s based on scalar radio-frequency spectrum measurement

“…Compensation schemes for multiple orders of dispersion are well known and include the use of phase modulators [8], tunable fiber Bragg gratings [10][11][12], and concatenation of spans of specialty fibers [13,14]. However, fluctuations of the impairments, mainly due to temperature drifts and stress variations, also occur in long-distance fiber transmission, requiring adaptative solutions able to tune the compensation in real time [15][16][17].…”